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Abstract
Presently, about 200 million tons of urea fertilizer is produced worldwide to meet supply and demand. However, a quarter of the urea applied to soils is lost to the environment due to poor efficiency. Poor efficiency can be prevented by slowing the release of urea - nitrogen. One mechanism to do this is ‘Encapsulation’. Encapsulation allows for higher urea efficiency, synchronization with plants ongoing nutrient needs. This review covers an extensive study on ordinary urea usage including the different materials used for coating, which can be natural or artificial, and the different coating processes. Also included are the methods of employing different substances with the pros and cons of each.
Additional information
Funding
This project is jointly funded by Higher Education Commission Pakistan and Fuji Fertilizer Company under University Industry Technological Support Program. HEC Project No: UITSP/HEC/2014/1-51. Moreover, The authors are highly grateful to Mrs Anthea Brown FGS, BSc, BA - Membership Secretary and Treasurer - Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health (BGS retired) for sparing her valuable time in correcting English language and grammar of this manuscript.