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Original Articles

Tomás Carrascón, Anti-Roman Catholic Propaganda, and the Circulation of Ideas in Jacobean England

Pages 169-206 | Accepted 13 Jan 2012, Published online: 28 May 2012
 

Summary

The article examines the figure of Tomás Carrascón de las Cortes y Medrano (1595–c. 1633) and his pamphleteering activity during the second decade of the seventeenth century in England. A close look at his anti-Catholic pamphlets, Hispanus conversus (London, 1623), Scrutamini Scripturas: The Exhortation of a Spanish Converted Monke (London, 1624), and Miracles Unmasked (London, 1625), reveals his astute use of Spanish and Portuguese Catholic sources against Rome. An examination of his reference lists and marginal annotations discloses a new and heretofore forgotten canon of Iberian Catholic authors who exerted considerable influence during this period. The evidence demonstrates a concerted effort to counteract the exertions of Recusant printing presses in England and northern Europe.

Notes

1Please note: where possible, I am providing publisher information for all works that appeared before 1900. On Tomás Carrascón see the following: Rady Roldán-Figueroa, ‘Religious Propaganda and Textual Hybridity in Tomás Carrascón's 1623 Spanish Translation of the Jacobean Book of Common Prayer’, The Seventeenth Century, 25 (2010), 49–73; Rafael Carasatorre Vidaurre, ‘El reformista español conocido como Fernando Tejeda responde al nombre real del navarro Tomás Carrascón de las Cortes y Medrano’, Príncipe de Viana, 229 (2003), 373–85; William McFadden, ‘Ferdinando Texeda: A Complete Analysis of his Work together with a Study of his Stay in England (1621?-1631?), being a Contribution to the Solution of the Problems Connected with Him’ (Queen's University, Belfast, unpublished master's thesis, 1933).

2On Spanish Protestantism see the following: Thomas M'Crie, La reforma en España en el siglo XVI, edited by Doris Moreno Martínez (Sevilla, 2008); Antonio Fernández Luzón and Doris Moreno Martínez, Protestantes, visionarios, profetas y místicos (Barcelona, 2005); Valentín Cueva Barrientos, Historia ilustrada de los protestantes en España (Barcelona, 1997); Rady Roldán-Figueroa, ‘Antonio del Corro and Paul as the Herald of the Gospel of Universal Redemption’, in A Companion to Paul in the Reformation, edited by R. Ward Holder (Leiden, 2009), 389–425; Rady Roldán-Figueroa, ‘Filius Perditionis: The Propagandistic Use of a Biblical Motif in Spanish Evangelical Biblical Translations of the Sixteenth Century’, Sixteenth Century Journal, 4 (2006), 1027–55; Rady Roldán-Figueroa, ‘Reina's Vision of the Reformed Ministry: A Reconstruction from the Fringes of the 1569 Spanish Translation of the Bible’, in Lay Bibles in Europe 1450-1800 (Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium, 198), edited by Mathijs Lamberigts and A. A. den Hollander (Leuven, 2006), 159–81; Rady Roldán-Figueroa, ‘“Justified Without the Works of the Law”: Casiodoro de Reina on Romans 3:28’, in The Formation of Clerical and Confessional Identities in Early Modern Europe, edited by Wim Janse and Barbara Pitkin (Dutch Review of Church History, 85 (2005)), 205–24.

3On English anti-popery see the following: Alexandra Walsham, ‘“The Fatall Vesper”: Providentialism and Anti-Popery in Late Jacobean London’, Past & Present, 144 (1994), 36–87; Peter Lake, ‘Anti-Popery: the Structure of a Prejudice’, in Conflict in Early Stuart England: Studies in Religion and Politics, 1603-1642, edited by Richard Cust and Ann Hughes (London and New York, 1989), 72–106; David Hoyle, ‘A Commons Investigation of Arminianism and Popery in Cambridge on the Eve of the Civil War’, The Historical Journal, 29 (1986), 419–25.

4Biographical details from Carasatorre Vidaurre, ‘El reformista español’, 373–85.

5Tomás Carrascón de las Cortes y Medrano, Carrascón (no place [Amsterdam]: no publisher [Menasseh ben Israel], 1633), sig, L2v; Tomás Carrascón de las Cortes y Medrano, Carrascón (Reformistas antiguos españoles, volume 1), edited by Luis de Usoz y Río, ([Madrid], 1848). See the recent edition, Tomás Carrascón de las Cortes y Medrano, Carrascón, edited by Rafael Carasatorre Vidaurre (Cintruénigo, 2006), 180.

6John Elliott, ‘A Troubled Relationship: Spain and Great Britain, 1604-1655’, in The Sale of the Century: Artistic Relations Between Spain and Great Britain, 1604-1655, edited by Jonathan Brown and John Elliott (New Haven, CT and London, 2002), 17–38; Brennan C. Pursell, ‘The End of the Spanish Match’, The Historical Journal, 45 (2002), 699–726; Glyn Redworth, The Prince and the Infanta: The Cultural Politics of the Spanish Match (New Haven, CT and London, 2003); Robert Cross, ‘Pretense and Perception in the Spanish Match, or History in a Fake Beard’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 37 (2007), 563–83; Rafael Rodríguez-Moñino Soriano, Razón de estado y dogmatismo religioso en la España del XVII (Barcelona, 1976).

7Roldán-Figueroa, ‘Religious Propaganda and Textual Hybridity’, 49–73.

8Fernando de Tejeda [i.e. Tomás Carrascón], Hispanus conversus (London: Thomas Snodham for Robert Milbourne, 1623), [A2v].

9Facts related to Carrascón's installation as canon at Hereford were kindly provided by Mrs Rosalind Caird, Cathedral Archivist, Library and Archives of Hereford Cathedral. The bond of installation is located under HCA 7054/17/3.

10 Carrascón (1633). The identity of the printer, as well as the place of its printing, was unknown for a long time, but Harm den Boer has argued that it was printed by the Marrano craftsman Menasseh ben Israel in Amsterdam. See Harm den Boer, Spanish and Portuguese Printing in the Northern Netherlands, 1584-1825 (Leiden, 2003), number 785.

11 Carrascón (1633), [Q4r–Q4v]; Carrascón (2006), 222. All translations are my own unless otherwise indicated.

12 Carrascón (1633), [Q6r–Q4v]; Carrascón (2006), 224–25.

13 Carrascón (1633), [H4r]; Carrascón (2006), 157.

14 Carrascón (1633), [I4v]; Carrascón (2006), 164.

15Fernando de Tejeda [i.e. Tomás Carrascón], Texeda retextus: or The Spanish Monke His Bill of Divorce Against the Church of Rome together with Other Remarkable Ocurrances (London: Thomas Snodham for Robert Milbourne, 1623).

16Fernando de Tejeda [i.e. Tomás Carrascón], Scrutamini Scripturas the Exhortation of a Spanish Converted Monke: Collected out of the Spanishe Authors Themselves, to Reade and Peruse the Holy Scriptures; Contrary to the Prohibition of the Pope and the Church of Rome, whose Tyranny in this Point Plainely Appeares to Every Mans View. With Other Ocurrences of No Small Importance (London: [J. Bill] for Thomas Harper, 1624).

17Fernando de Tejeda [i.e. Tomás Carrascón], Miracles Unmasked. A Treatise Proving that Miracles are Not Infallible Signes of the True and Orthodoxe Faith: That Popish Miracles are Either Counterfeit or Divelish. Evidently Confirmed by Authorities of Holy Scripture, of Antient Doctors, of Grave and Learned Spanish Authors, by Weighty Reasons, Manifest Examples, and Most True Histories Which Have Happened in Spaine, and Appeare in Bookes there Printed (London: Thomas Snodham for Edward Blackamore, 1625).

18See for example Alexander Samson, ‘1623 and the Politics of Translation’, in The Spanish Match: Prince Charles's Journey to Madrid, 1623, edited by Alexander Samson (Aldershot and Burlington, 2006), 91–106 (98–99); James Shapiro, Shakespeare and the Jews (New York, 1996), 139; George Ticknor, History of Spanish Literature, fourth edition, 3 vols (Boston, MA and New York, 1891), 501 note 13.

19 Catalogus librorum ex bibliotheca nobilis cujusdam Angli [i.e. Baron Brooke] qui ante paucos annos in humanis esse desiit accesserunt libri eximii theology D. Gabrielis Sangar, adjectis theology alterius magni, dum vixt, nominis libris selectioribus: quorum omnium auction habebitur Londini 2 die Decembris proxime sequenti 1678 [] (no place [London]: no publisher, 1678), 87.

20Olive Payne, Librorum ex bibliothecis Phillipi Farewell, D. D. et Danielis de Foe, gen. catalogus: or a Catalogue of the Libraries of the Reverend and Learned Phillips Farewell, [] and of the ingenious Daniel de Foe, [] to be sold [] on Monday the 15 th of November, 1731 (no place [London]: no publisher, 1731), number 1417, 38.

21William Oldys, A Copious and Exact Catalogue of Pamphlets in the Harleian Library, etc. (no place [London]: no publisher, 1746), number 154, 37.

22John George Cochrane, A Catalogue of the Singular and Curious Library, Originally Formed Between 1610 and 1650, by Sir Robert Gordon, of Gordonstoun (Weybridge: S. Hamilton, 1816), number 2219, 172.

23 Bibliotheca Sunderlandiana. Sale Catalogue of the Truly Important and Very Extensive Library of Printed Books known as the Sunderland or Blenheim Library (London: Puttick and Simpson, 1881), number 13622, 1005.

24Thomas Ballard, Bibliotheca Antonij Collins, arm. or, A Complete Catalogue of the Library of Anthony Collins, Esq; Deceas'd: Containing a Collection of Several Thousand Volumes in Greek, Latin, English, French, and Spanish [] (no place [London]: no publisher, 1731), 135.

25Published posthumously in 1706, see John Locke, Posthumous Works of Mr. John Locke (London: W. B. for A. and J. Churchill, 1706), 217–31.

26Anthony Collins, A Discourse of the Grounds and Reasons of the Christian Religion (London: no publisher, 1724); Anthony Collins, The Scheme of Literal Prophecy Considered (London [i.e. The Hague]: T. J. for the booksellers of London & Westminster, 1726); Colin Brown, ‘Issues in the History of the Debates on Miracles’, in The Cambridge Companion to Miracles, edited by Graham H. Twelftree (Cambridge, 2011), 273–90 (279).

27For more on Blount see Dario Pfanner, ‘Blount, Charles (1654–1693)’, in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (hereafter ODNB), edited by H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison, 60 vols (Oxford, 2004); online edition, edited by Lawrence Goldman <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/2684> [accessed 09 January 2012]; J. A. Redwood, ‘Charles Blount (1654–93), Deism and English Free Thought’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 35 (1974), 490–98. On Browne see John Henry Overton, The Nonjurors: Their Lives, Principles, and Writings (London, 1902), 198. On Spinoza see Steven Nadler, Spinoza: A Life (Cambridge, 1999).

28Charles Blount, Miracles, No Violations of the Laws of Nature (London: Robert Sollers, 1683), [A2v]; Baruch Spinoza, Tractatus theologico-politicus, translated by Samuel Shirley (Leiden, 1989).

29Thomas Browne, Miracles, Work's Above and Contrary to Nature, or, An Answer to a Late Translation out of Spinoza's Tractatus theologico-politicus, Mr. Hobbs's Leviathan, &c. Published to Undermine the Truth and Authority of Miracles, Scripture, and Religion, in a Treatise Entituled , Miracles No Violation of the Laws of Nature (London: Printed for Samuel Smith, 1683).

30Library of Congress, Rare Book/Special Collections Reading Room, call number BT97.A2 B5.

31See Benito Rial, ‘Sixteenth-Century Private Book Inventories and Some Problems Related to their Analysis’, Library & Information History, 26 (2010), 70–82; Peter Burke, A Social History of Knowledge: From Gutenberg to Diderot (Cambridge, 2000); Roger Chartier, The Order of Books: Readers, Authors and Libraries in Europe between the Fourteenth and Eighteenth Centuries, translated by Lydia G. Cochrane (Stanford, CA, 1994); David L. Ferch, ‘“Good Books are a Very Great Mercy to the World”: Persecution, Private Libraries, and the Printed Word in the Early Development of the Dissenting Academies, 1663-1730’, The Journal of Library History (1974-1987), 21 (1986), 350–61.

32Randy Silverman, ‘Can't Judge a Book without its Binding’, Libraries & the Cultural Record, 42 (2007), 291–307; P. J. M. Marks, The British Library Guide to Bookbinding: History and Techniques (London, 1998), 12–28.

33Samuel Paterson, Bibliotheca Anglica curiosa: A Catalogue of Several Thousand Printed Books and Tracts, (chiefly English) in Every Branch of Knowledge ([London, 1771]), number 1230, 66; James Salgado, A Confession of Faith of James Salgado, a Spaniard, and Sometimes a Priest in the Church of Rome Dedicated to the University of Oxford: With an Account of His Life and Sufferings by the Romish Party, since He Forsook the Romish Religion (London: Printed for William Marshall, 1681).

34John Bohn, A Catalogue of an Extensive Collection of English Books (London: C. Richards, 1829), number 6306, 393.

35 Bibliotheca Sunderlandiana, number 13622, 1005; Alexander Cooke, Pope Ioane: A Dialogue betweene a Protestant and a Papist. Manifestly Prouing, that a Woman called Ioane was Pope of Rome: Against the Surmises and Obiections Made to the Contrarie, by Robert Bellarmine and Caesar Baronius Cardinals: Florimondus Raemondus, N.D. and Other Popish Writers, Impudently Denying the Same (London: [R. Field] for Ed. Blunt and W. Barret, 1610).

36Burke, Social History of Knowledge, 149–76.

37Ballard, Bibliotheca Antonij Collins, 135.

38Payne, Librorum ex bibliothecis Farewell et de Foe, number 1417, 38.

39Burke, Social History of Knowledge, 81–115.

40William Reading, Bibliothecæ cleri Londinensis in Collegio Sionensi catalogus, duplici forma concinnatus [] Pars altera (London: J. Watts, 1724), no pagination, item found under ‘Controv. inter Eccles. Rom. et Reform. in Quarto’.

41P. R. Quarrie, ‘Huth, Henry (1815–1878)’, in ODNB <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/14292> [accessed 09 January 2012].

42Henry Huth, Frederick Startridge Ellis, and William Carew Hazlitt, The Huth Library. A Catalogue of the Printed Books, Manuscripts, Autograph Letters, and Engravings, Collected by Henry Huth, with Collations and Bibliographical Descriptions, 5 vols (London: Ellis and White, 1880), IV, 1460. Many of the volumes of the Huth Library became part of the now prestigious collections at Yale University; see Anonymous, ‘News from the Field’, Public Libraries: A Monthly Review of Library Matters and Methods, 17 (1912), 31. Curiously, Yale University has a bound volume with Carrascón's Hispanus conversus and Texeda retextus at the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library, call number Mhc5 T312 H6 g623.

43Henry Ellis and Henry Hervey Baber, Librorum impressorum, qui in Museo Britannico, adservantur, catalogus, 7 vols (London: no publisher, 1819), found in volume VII, no other pagination information available; George Bullen and Gregory W. Eccles, Catalogue of Books in the Library of the British Museum Printed in England, Scotland, and Ireland, and of Books in English Printed Abroad, to the year 1640, 3 vols (London: William Clowes and Sons, 1884), III, 1491.

44George Frederick Apthorp, A Catalogue of the Books and Manuscripts in the Library of Lincoln Cathedral: With an Index of the Names of Authors, Arranged Alphabetically (Lincoln: W. and B. Brooke, 1859), 251; James Raine, A Catalogue of the Printed Books in the Library of the Dean and Chapter of York (York: John Sampson; London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent and Co., 1896), 418.

45Alfred Hackman, Henry Cary, and Arthur Browne, Catalogus librorum impressorum Bibliothecæ Bodleianæ in Academia Oxoniensi, 4 vols (Oxford: University Press, 1843), III, 607.

46For more on Featley's activities as a censor see Anthony Milton, ‘Licensing, Censorship, and Religious Orthodoxy in Early Stuart England’, The Historical Journal, 41 (1998), 625–51.

47Arnold Hunt, ‘Featley, Daniel (1582–1645)’, in ODNB <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/9242> [accessed 09 January 2012]; Anonymous, ‘The Life of Dr. Daniel Featley’, The Church of England Magazine, January to June 1837, 246–48.

48For more on Percy see Timothy H. Wadkins, ‘The Percy-“Fisher” Controversies and the Ecclesiastical Politics of Jacobean Anti-Catholicism, 1622-1625’, Church History, 57 (1988), 153–69; Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus; Historic Facts Illustrative of the Labours and Sufferings of its Members in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, edited by Henry Foley, 8 vols (London, 1875–1883), I, 521–41.

49‘[…] nor Catholique, because it teacheth not all truths, that have beene held by the universal Church in former times, but denieth many of them; neither is it spred over all the Christian world, but being devided into divers sects, every particular secte is contained in some corner of the world; neither hath it beene in all times ever since Christ, but sproung up of late, the first founder being Martin Luther an Apostata, a man, after his Apostasie from his professed religious order, knowen, both by his writings, wordes, deedes, & manner of death, to have beene a notable ill liver; nor Apostolique, because, the preachers thereof can not derive their pedigree, lineally, without interruption, from any apostle, but are forced to beginner their line, if they have nay, from Luther, Calvin, or some latter’. John Fisher, A Treatise of Faith wherin is Briefely, and Planly [sic] Shewed, a Direct Way, by Which Every Man May Resolue, and Settle His Minde, in All Doubtes, Questions, or Controuersies, Concerning Matters of Faith ([Saint-Omer: English College Press], 1605), 141.

50Wadkins, ‘The Percy-“Fisher” Controversies’, 155.

51Cyndia Susan Clegg, Press Censorship in Jacobean England (Cambridge, 2004), 208.

52Clegg, Press Censorship, 208–09.

53Daniel Featley, The Fisher Caught in his Own Net (no place [London]: no publisher, M.DC.XXIII [1623]), 5.

54Daniel Featley, The Romish Fisher Caught and Held in his Owne Net, or, A True Relation of the Protestant Conference and Popish Difference a Iustification of the One, and Refutation of the Other, in Matter of [brace] Fact, Faith (London: Printed by H. L. for Robert Milbourne, 1624).

55John Fisher and John Sweet, An Answer to a Pamphlet, Intituled: The Fisher Catched in his Owne net In Which, by the Way, is Shewed, that the Protestant Church was not so Visible, in al Ages, as the True Church Ought to Be: and Consequently, is not the True Church. Of Which, Men may Learne Infallible Faith, Necessarie to Saluation ([London: Peter Smith, and at Saint-Omer at the English College Press], 1623); John Fisher and John Sweet, True Relations of Sundry Conferences had Between Certaine Protestant Doctours and a Iesuite called M. Fisher (then Prisoner in London for the Catholique fayth:) Togeather with Defences of the Same. In which is Shewed, that there hath Alwayes beene, since Christ, a Visible Church, and in it a Visible Succession of Doctours & Pastours, Teaching the Unchanged Doctrine of Fayth, left by Christ and his Apostles, in all Points Necessary to Saluation and that not Protestants, but only Roman Catholiques haue had, and can Shew such a Visible Church, and in it such a Succesion of Pastours and Doctours, of Whome Men may Securely Learne what Pointe of Fayth are Necessary to Saluation ([Saint-Omer: English College Press], [1626]).

56Featley, The Romish Fisher, new pagination following page 191.

57‘For the reference or relation of my journey to Oxford and employment in the public library there, I had not troubled the reader with it, if master Fisher in his reflection, pag. 50, had not put this task upon me by braiding me therewith in like words to those of the poet […]’. Featley, ‘Appendix’, in The Romish Fisher, 3.

58Featley, ‘Appendix’, in The Romish Fisher, 12.

59Featley, ‘Appendix’, in The Romish Fisher, 28.

60Featley, ‘Appendix’, in The Romish Fisher, 47.

61Featley, ‘Appendix’, in The Romish Fisher, 13, 28.

62Featley, ‘Appendix’, in The Romish Fisher, 28.

63Featley, ‘Appendix’, in The Romish Fisher, 28.

64Featley, ‘Appendix’, in The Romish Fisher, 30.

65Carrascón, Texeda retextus, [A4v].

66Carrascón, Texeda retextus, [A4v].

67Cyndia Susan Clegg, ‘“Twill Much Enrich the Company of Stationers”: Thomas Middleton and the London Book Trade, 1580-1627’, in Thomas Middleton and Early Modern Textual Culture: A Companion to the Collected Works, edited by Gary Taylor and John Lavagnino (Oxford and New York, 2007), 247–59 (250).

69‘Ley todos los libros, que pude hallar en romanze y muchos en latín. Saqué de tratados papísticos, doctrinas cathólicas, y de libros expurgados por la Inquisición de España, verdades contra la Iglesia de Roma. Compuse dellas un gran volumen, De Monachatu, en latín, otro, De Contraditionibus doctrina Eclesiae Romanae, en el mismo idioma: otro titulado, Carrascón, también en latín, en que de premisas de doctores antecristianos, infiero conclusiones christianas’. Carrascón (1633), [6r]–[6v]; Carrascón (2006), 97.

68‘La barbarie o elegancia de la lengua no consiste tanto en las palabras de que está compuesta, como en entenderla […] Pidióme una vez un Milord Inglés que hiziesse palpar con las manos algún grossero error a un gran Papista. Comenzé yo a hablarle latín, porque sabía que él no sabía, sino su lengua misma. Agravióse dello y respondióme ayrado: “Vos soys un bárbaro, y quereys que yo lo sea, hablándome en latín, sabiendo que no lo entiendo.” Repliquéle yo en inglés: Nunca dixisteys mayor verdad, y lo peor dello es, el dezirla tan grande. Bien sabía yo, que vos no sabíays latín, y aun porque lo sabía, os hablé en él, para daros ocasión de dezirme lo que dixistes. Y ciertamente no pudierays aver respondido más conforme a mi intención, aunque huvierays penetrado mis pensamientos. Porque mi intento era mostraros, que vuestra Iglesia Romana es bárbara y pretende que todos lo sean; lo qual aveys vos mismo dicho, con el Apóstol, que dize: “Su yo ignorare,” etc. (1 Cor. 14, 11). Ca porque ignoravays el latín os era yo bárbaro latino. Y agora que os hablo inglés, no os soy bárbaro, porque lo entendeys, aunque la lengua inglesa es bárbara respecto de la latina y yo hablo menos bárbaramente latín, que inglés. Luego quando el sacerdote os dize la Missa, os es bárbaro, y vos a él, pues os habla en latín, y no lo fuera él, ni lo fuerays vos, ni los vuestros, si os hablara en vuestro inglés. Quedóse el papista mudo, y según supe después, mudó de religión. Porque vio con los ojos y palpó con las manos, un tan bárbaro y grueso error; y se comenzó a persuadir que errava de muchas maneras la Iglesia, que, errando tan torpemente, se jacta de no poder errar’. Carrascón (1633), [P8r]–Qr; Carrascón (2006), 217–18. Original spellings have been preserved.

70Anthony Wood, Athenæ Oxonienses: An Exact History of All the Writers and Bishops Who Have Had Their Education in the Most Ancient and Famous University of Oxford (London: Tho. Bennet, 1691–1692), 846.

71A. F. Allison, ‘John Heigham of S. Omer (c. 1568–c. 1632)’, Recusant History, 4 (1957/8), 226–42; Thomas H. Clancy, ‘A Content Analysis of English Catholic Books, 1615-1714’, The Catholic Historical Review, 86 (2000), 258–72; Alexandra Walsham, ‘“Domme Preachers”? Post-Reformation English Catholicism and the Culture of Print’, Past & Present, 168 (2000), 72–123.

72Samson, ‘1623 and the Politics of Translation’, in The Spanish Match, edited by Samson, 91–106.

73See ‘Sessio IV, Decretum secundum, Concilium Tridentinum’, in Conciliorum oecumenicorum decreta, edited by Josepho Alberigo, Josepho A. Dossetti, Perikle P. Joannou, Claudio Leonardi and Paulo Prodi, third edition (Bologna, 1973), 664–65.

74For relevant discussions of this point see Luce López-Baralt, ‘A zaga de tu huella’. La enseñanza de las lenguas semíticas en Salamanca en tiempos de san Juan de la Cruz (Madrid, 2006), 39–60, 137–45, 194–202; Pedro M. Cátedra, ‘La biblioteca de la Universidad de Toledo (siglo XVI)’, Bulletin of Spanish Studies, 7–8 (2004), 927–56; Sergio Fernández López, Lectura y prohibición de la Biblia en lengua vulgar: defensores y detractores (León, 2003), 138–50; Victor Infantes, ‘La educación, el libro y la lectura’, in Historia de España Menéndez Pidal, edited by José María Jover Zamora (Madrid, 1999), xxi, 5–50; Sara T. Nalle, ‘Printing and Reading Popular Religious Texts on Sixteenth-Century Spain’, in Culture and the State in Spain: 1550-1850, edited by Tom Lewis and Francisco J. Sánchez (New York and London, 1999), 126–56; Ángel Sáenz-Badillos, La filología bíblica en los primeros helenistas de Alcalá (Estella, 1990), 337–51; Jesús Martínez de Bujanda, Index de l'inquisition espagnole: 1551, 1554, 1559 (Geneva, 1984), 77–90, 148–302; José Martínez Millán, ‘Aportaciones a la formación del estado moderno y a la política española a través de la censura inquisitorial durante el periodo 1480-1559’, in La Inquisición Española: nueva visión, nuevos horizontes, edited by Joaquím Pérez Villanueva (Madrid, 1980), 537–78; Klaus Wagner, El Doctor Constantino Ponce de la Fuente: el hombre y su biblioteca (Seville, 1979); Jesús Enciso, ‘Prohibiciones españolas de las versiones bíblicas en romance antes del Tridentino’, Estudios Bíblicos, 3 (1944), 523–54.

75‘This present treatise, which here I mean to publish and divulge, I first writ and penned in the Spanish tongue, with an intention to have benefitted herein my own nation, and such as were in a way, to embrace Gods sincerity and truth; which notwithstanding could take no effect, by reason I wanted fit means and convenience, to print it in the Spanish: and then on the other side, some special friends both moved and persuaded me, to translate it into English, and publish it in my own name, for the better satisfaction of this noble and religious nation, both in regard of what they may fear and doubt of in me, as also in regard of what I desire to manifest, and make known & impart to this whole nation’. Carrascón, Scrutamini Scripturas, A4r.

76Carrascón, Scrutamini Scripturas, H2r–H3v.

77See Catálogo colectivo del patrimonio bibliográfico español (hereafter CCPBE), online edition <http://www.mcu.es/bibliotecas/MC/CCPB/index.html> [accessed 03 June 2010].

78Quintín Aldea Vaquero, ‘Illescas, Gonzalo de’, in Diccionario de historia eclesiástica de España (hereafter DHEE), edited by Quintín Aldea Vaquero, 4 vols (Madrid, 1972–1975), II, 1190–91.

79Gonzalo de Illescas, Historia pontifical y católica, en la que se contienen las vidas y hechos de todos los sumos pontífices romanos (no place [Dueñas]: no publisher, no year [1565], although it appears that a print edition appeared the previous year). See CCPBE <http://www.mcu.es/bibliotecas/MC/CCPB/index.html> [accessed 03 June 2010].

80For an overview see Winston A. Reynolds, ‘Gonzalo de Illescas and the Cortés-Luther Confrontation’, Hispania, 45 (1962), 402–04.

81‘Los herejes que menos desviados están del verdadero camino de la verdad, son (como ya está dicho) los que profesan la confesión Augustana’. Gonzalo de Illescas, Segunda parte de la historia pontifical y católica en la cual se prosiguen las vidas y hechos de Clemente Quinto, y de los demás pontífices sus predecesores, hasta Pio Quinto, y Gregorio Decimo Tercio (Barcelona: Sebastián de Cormellas, 1622), 336v.

82See Enrique Gacto Fernández, ‘Censura política e inquisición: la “historia pontifical” de Gonzalo de Illescas’, Revista de la Inquisición, 2 (1992), 23–40 (24–26).

83Cipriano de Valera, Dos tratados el primero es del papa y de su autoridad colegido de su vida y dotrina, y de los que los dotores y concilios antiguos y la misma sagrada escritura enseñan. El segundo es de la misa recopilado de los dotores y concilios y de la sagrada escritura ([London]: Arnoldo Hatfildo, 1588).

84Cipriano de Valera, Two Treatises the First, of the Lives of the Popes, and their Doctrine. The Second, of the Masse: The One and the Other Collected of that, which the Doctors, and Ancient Councils, and the Sacred Scripture do Teach (London: John Harrison, 1600).

85Henry Wotton, The State of Christendom, or, A Most Exact and Curious Discovery of Many Secret Passages and Hidden Mysteries of the Times (London: Humphrey Moseley, 1657).

86‘En España cuales estuviéramos ahora, si hoy a veintitrés años no se descubrieran las conjuraciones diabólicas de Cazalla y Constantino, y sus secuaces’. Illescas, Segunda parte de la historia pontifical, A3v.

87‘But referring this to some other place, I will close with the saying of Doctor Yllescas [sic], who after he hath recited what is said of Mahomet, speaketh as followeth: wherein if those who gave credit unto him, had not been so blind, they might have seen that he was an impostor, seeing he would not have it controverted, whether that he taught them were good or evil. Oh how much I desire, beloved countreymen, that you would consider, that for as much as he constrains you to believe and hold, whatsoever the Church of Rome beleeveth and holdeth, without permitting you to examine whether it be a true or false Church, his scope is no other then to deceive you; and if you be not totally blinded, you must of necessity perceive it’; see Carrascón, Scrutamini Scripturas, 32. ‘En lo cual, si los que le dieron crédito no fueran tan ciegos, habían de ver que los engañaba: pues no quería que se averiguase, si era bueno o malo lo que les enseñaba’; see Illescas, Historia pontifical y católica (Barcelona: Jayme Cendrat, 1606), 93r.

88See Manuel de Castro, ‘Guevara, Antonio de’, in DHEE, II, 1066–67; Ernest Grey, Guevara, a Forgotten Renaissance Author (The Hague, 1973).

89Antonio de Guevara, Libro llamado relox de príncipes en el cual va incorporado el muy famosos libro de Marco Aurelio (Valladolid: Nicolás Terri, 1529); Ana Isabel Buescu, ‘Corte, poder e utopia: O Relox de Príncipes (1529) de Fr. Antonio de Guevara e a sua fortuna na Europa do século XVI’, eHumanista: Journal of Iberian Studies, 12 (2009), 145–81 (156).

90See Juan Marichal, Teoría e historia del ensayismo hispánico (Madrid, 1984), 36–52; Ana Peñas Ruiz, ‘Epístolas familiares (1539) y Essais (1580), un enfoque comparado’, Cartaphilus: revista de investigación y crítica estética, 4 (2008), 109–21.

91See John Garrett Underhill, Spanish Literature in the England of the Tudors (New York and London: The Macmillan Company, 1899), 43.

92Antonio de Guevara, The Mysteries of Mount Calvary (London: Adam Islip, 1594).

93 The Contemporary Printed Literature of the English Counter-Reformation between 1558 and 1640 (hereafter ARCR), edited by A. F. Allison and D. M. Rogers, 2 vols (Aldershot and Brookfield, 1989–1994), II, number 160, 38.

94See Thomas M. McCoog, The Society of Jesus in Ireland, Scotland, and England 1541-1588 ‘Our Way of Proceeding?’ (Leiden, 1996), 190.

95Diego de Estella, A Method unto Mortification: Called heretofore, the Contempt of the World, and the Vanity thereof. Written at the First in the Spanish, afterward Translated in the Italian, English, and Latin Tongues: Now Last of all Perused at the Request of Some of his Godly Friends, and as May be Most for the Benefit of this Church, Reformed and Published by Thomas Rogers (London: John Windet, 1586).

96See ARCR, II, number 161, 38.

97See ARCR, II, number 162, 38; Allison, ‘John Heigham’, 235.

98Manuel Rodrigues, Obras morales en romance, compuesta por Fray Manuel Rodriguez; divididas en dos tomos, contienen la summa de casos de consciencia y explicación de la Bulla de la Cruzada y adiciones (Madrid: Luis Sanchez, 1602 [1601–1602]). See CCPBE <http://www.mcu.es/bibliotecas/MC/CCPB/index.html> [accessed 03 June 2010].

99Manuel Rodrigues, Summa de casos de consciencia con advertencias muy provechosas para confesores: con un orden judicial a la postre en la cual se resuelve lo mas ordinario de todas las materias morales (Salamanca: Juan Fernandez, 1594). See CCPBE <http://www.mcu.es/bibliotecas/MC/CCPB/index.html> [accessed 03 June 2010].

100Manoel Rodrigues Lusitano, Summa casuum conscientiæ, ómnium quæ hucusque in lucem exiere copiosissima, confessariis et animarum curam gerentibus ad quascunque materiarum moralium resolutiones utilissima (Duai: Baltazaris Belleri, 1614).

101See ARCR, I, number 1333, 175.

102Carrascón, Texeda retextus, 8–9.

103On Mariana's political thought see Harald E. Braun, Juan de Mariana and Early Modern Spanish Political Thought (Aldershot and Burlington, 2007).

104Juan de Mariana, Obras del Padre Juan de Mariana, 2 vols (Madrid: M. Rivadeneyra, 1854), I, 195.

105Mariana, Obras, I, 412.

106Carrascón, Scrutamini Scripturas, 2–3.

107See Javier Burrieza Sánchez, ‘Las glorias del segundo siglo’, in Los jesuitas en España y en el mundo hispánico, edited by Teófanes Egiso (Madrid, 2004), 151–78 (154–56).

108Rady Roldán-Figueroa, The Ascetic Spirituality of Juan de Ávila (1499-1569) (Leiden and Boston, MA, 2010).

109Luis de la Puente, Meditaciones de los misterios de nuestra santa fe, con la práctica de la oración mental sobre ellos [] primer tomo (Valladolid: Juan Bustillo, 1605); Luis de la Puente, Segundo tomo de las meditaciones de los misterios de nuestra santa fe, con la práctica de la oración mental sobre ellos (Valladolid: Juan de Bustillo, 1605).

110Camilo M. Abad, ‘Puente, Luis de la’, in DHEE, III, 2032–33.

111Luis de la Puente, Meditations Upon the Mysteries of Our Holy Faith with the Practice of Mental Prayer Touching the same Composed in Spanish by the R. F. Luis de la Puente [] and Translated into English by F. Rich[ard] Gibbons, translated by Richard Gibbons (no place: no publisher, M. DC. X. [1610]). See ARCR, II, numbers 351–52, 71.

112Luis de la Puente, Meditations Upon the Mysteries of Our Holy Faith with the Practice of Mental Prayer Touching the Same, trans. John Heigham (S. Omer: [C. Boscard], 1619). See ARCR, II, number 424, 83.

113Paul Arblaster, ‘Heigham, John (1540–1626)’, in ODNB < http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/12868?docPos=3> [accessed 30 June 2010]; Allison, ‘John Heigham’, 231.

114Luis de la Puente, Meditations Upon the Mysteries of Our Faith Corresponding to the Three Ways, Purgative, Illuminative, and Unitive, translated by Thomas Everard ([Saint-Omer: English College Press], [1624]). See ARCR, II, number 259, 53.

115Francisco Zambrano, Diccionario bio-bibliográfico de la Compañía de Jesús en México, 16 vols (Mexico, 1961–1977), II, 554–682; Jerome V. Jacobsen, ‘The Chronicle of Perez de Ribas’, Mid-America: An Historical Review, 20 (1938), 81–95.

116Nicolas de Arnaya, Compendio de las Meditaciones del padre Luis de la Puente (Madrid: Andrea Grande, 1616); Nicolas de Arnaya, Compendio de las Meditaciones del padre Luis de la Puente de la Compañía de Jesús (Valencia: Juan Chrysostomo Garriz, 1617); José Mariano Beristáin de Souza, Biblioteca hispano americana setentrional, second edition, 2 vols (Amecameca: Tipografía del Colegio Católico, 1883), I, 102–03.

117Nicolas de Arnaya, Meditationes de præcipuis fidei nostræ mysteriis, à R. P. Nicolao de Arnaya eiusdem Societatis in compendium redactæ, et in septem partes divisæ. Ex hispanico in latinum sermonem traductæ (Coloniæ Agrippinæ [i.e. Cologne]: Ioannem Kinchium, 1618). A second edition by the same printer appeared in 1620.

118See ARCR, II, numbers 351–52, 71; Allison, ‘John Heigham’, 230.

119See ARCR, II, number 424, 83; Allison, ‘John Heigham’, 230.

120See ARCR, II, number 259, 53; C. A. Newdigate, ‘Notes on the Seventeenth Century Printing Press of the English College at Saint Omers’, The Library, 40 (1919), 179–90, 223–42.

121Cristóbal de Fonseca, Discursos para todos los euangelios de la quaresma (Madrid: Alonso de Martín de Balboa, 1614); Cristóbal de Fonseca, Devout Contemplations Expressed in Two and Forty Sermons upon All Ye Quadragesimal Gospels, translated by James Mabbe (London: Adam Islip, 1629).

122Wood, Athenæ Oxonienses, 846; McFadden, ‘Ferdinando Texeda’, 6–7.

123Cristóbal de Fonseca, Tratado del amor de Dios (Salamanca: Guillelmo Foquel, 1592); Cristóbal de Fonseca, Theion Enotikon, a Discourse of Holy Love, by Which the Soul is United unto God, translated by George Strode (London: J. Flesher, 1652), A2r.

124Raquel de Pedro, ‘Spanish Literary Translation into English’, in Encyclopedia of Literary Translation into English, edited by Olive Classe, 2 vols (London and Chicago, 2000), II, 1313–17.

125See José Ramón Fernández Suárez, ‘Popularidad de fray Luis de Granada en Inglaterra: valoración de su persona y de sus escritos’, in Fray Luis de Granada, su obra y su tiempo, edited by Antonio García del Moral and Urbano Alonso del Campo, 2 vols (Granada, 1993), II, 207–25.

126See ARCR, II, number 270, 55; numbers 345–48.5, 70–71; number 426, 84; numbers 439–45, 87–88.

127See A. W. Pollard and G. R. Redgrave, A Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland & Ireland and of English Books Printed Abroad, 1475-1640, second edition, revised and enlarged, 3 vols (London, 1976–1991), bibliographic numbers 16899.3; 16909; 16909.5; 16899.5; 16902; 16920; 16918; 16910; 16901; 16910.5; 16911.5; 16916.7; 16919; 16914; 16913; 16917; 16915.

128Underhill, Spanish Literature, 37–38.

129 Carrascón (1633), 3v; Carrascón (2006), 95.

130See Fernão Guerreiro, Relação anual das coisas que fizeram os padres da Companhia de Jesus nas suas missões [] nos annos de 1600 a 1609, edited by Artur Viegas, 3 vols (Coimbra, 1930–1942).

131Joan-Pau Rubiés, Travel and Ethnology in the Renaissance: South India Through European Eyes, 1250-1625 (Cambridge and New York, 2000), 309 note 2.

132Germán Santana Pérez, ‘Los estudios hispanos sobre el África subsahariana: una perspectiva histórica’, Espacio, tiempo y forma. Serie IV, Historia moderna, 20 (2007), 13–41 <http://e-spacio.uned.es:8080/fedora/get/bibliuned:ETFSerieIV2007/demo:Collection/view> [accessed 02 August 2010].

133Henri Guerreiro, ‘Del san Antonio de Padua a los cinco mártires de Marruecos. Rui de Pina y Mateo Alemán: aproximación crítica a una fuente portuguesa’, Criticón, 31 (1985), 97–141; Henri Guerreiro, ‘La tradición hagiográfica antoniana de los libros I y II del san Antonio de Padua de Mateo Alemán. Aproximación a su estructura y sus fuentes’, Criticón, 32 (1985), 110–96.

134Carrascón, Miracles Unmasked, 18–22.

135 Reformistas antiguos españoles, edited by Luis De Usoz y Río and Benjamin B. Wiffen, 20 vols (London, Madrid and San Sebastián, 1847–1880); Roldán-Figueroa, ‘Religious Propaganda and Textual Hybridity’, 50–51.

136Mayer Kayserling, ‘Danielillo (‘Little Daniel’) of Leghorn’, in The Jewish Encyclopedia, edited by Isidore Singer and Adler Cyrus, 12 vols (New York and London, 1901–1906), IV, 434; Moritz Kayserling, ‘Carrasco or Carrascon, Juan’, in The Jewish Encyclopedia, edited by Singer and Cyrus, III, 592; Roldán-Figueroa, ‘Religious Propaganda and Textual Hybridity’, 50–51.

137On Rous see Johannes van den Berg, ‘The English Puritan Francis Rous and the Influence of His Works in the Netherlands’, in Religious Currents and Cross-Currents: Essays on Early Modern Protestantism and the Protestant Enlightenment, edited by Jan de Bruijn, Pieter Holtrop and Ernestine van der Wall (Leiden, 1999), 25–42.

138Francis Rous, Catholick Charitie: Complaining, and Maintaining, that Rome is Uncharitable to Sundry Eminent Parts of the Catholick Church, and Especially to Protestants, and is Therefore Uncatholick: and so, a Romish Book, called Charitie Mistaken, though Undertaken by a Second, is it selfe a Mistaking (London: R. Young for J. Bartlet, 1641).

139‘For Catholics of that Church did compel men to Church by penalties, that did not altogether believe in their heart as the Church taught’. Rous, Catholick charitie, 358.

140‘Nec mirum, nam omnes satisfactiones quae poenitentibus imponuntur à Confessore, juxta Ecclesiae Romanae statute possunt commutari in pecuniarias. Texeda Hispanus C 5’; see Rous, Catholick charitie, 360 note ‘f’. ‘Sed poenas satisfactorias tam huius quam alterius saeculi non esse necessarias papistae verbis negant, factis concedunt, quia omnes satisfactiones quae poenitentibus imponuntur a confessore, iuxta Ecclesiae Romanae statuta possunt commutari in pecuniarias, imo, ut in sua Summa inquit Toletus […]’; see Carrascón, Hispanus conversus, 4. ‘But the very truth is, howsoever the papists denie in words that there is a necessitie imposed on us to suffer condigne punishments as well in this life, as the next, for our demerits; yet they make it good in their practices: For, according to the canons of the Church of Rome, all those penances imposed by a confessor on petenciaries [sic], may be exchanged and converted into pecuniary mulets [sic], yea as Tolet […]’; see Carrascón, Texeda retextus, 6.

141Roldán-Figueroa, Ascetic Spirituality, 82–87.

142For more on St Juan de Ribera see Benjamin Ehlers, Between Christians and Moriscos: Juan de Ribera and Religious Reform in Valencia, 1568-1614 (Baltimore, MD, 2006).

143For more on the Mercedarians in Spain see Bruce Taylor, Structures of Reform: The Mercedarian Order in the Spanish Golden Age (Leiden, 2000).

144‘Partió de aquí Sábado a 16 de julio, y aquella noche llegaron al lugar de Albalate. De allí el Domingo siguiente antes del día a Valencia: y puesta en un monasterio de monjas de san Julián en los arrabales de Valencia, la misma tarde fue recibida en ella, como diremos’. Felipe de Guimerán, Breve historia de la Orden de Nuestra Señora de la Merced de Redempcion de Cautivos Christianos, y de algunos santos, y personas illustres de ella. Traense cosas curiosas, y de muy gran provecho, a propósito del principal argumento (Valencia: Herederos de Juan Navarro, 1591), 179.

145‘Para esta procesión mando el devoto Patriarca [i.e. Archbishop Juan de Ribera] ordenar una letanía al propósito de lo que se trataba, y salió tan devota, y tan sentida, que me pareció poner aquí un traslado de ella’. Guimerán, Breve historia, 179. The full text can be found in Guimerán,, Breve historia, 180–84.

146See text in John Strype, Annals of the Reformation and Establishment of Religion, and Other Various Occurrences in the Church of England, During Queen Elizabeth's Happy Reign (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 4 vols., 1824), III, 2, 539–41.

147Guimerán, Breve historia, 182. Interestingly, Guimerán's Breve historia was published in 1591, by which time the disastrous fate of the Armada was already history. Yet, Guimerán never mentioned that the special religious procession and festivities of July 1588 were a manifestation of religious support for the Spanish invasion of England. Instead, he refers to it as a ‘certain grave and public necessity’; see Guimerán, Breve historia, 177.

148 Anonymous, Litania encomiastica ad Dei param virgenem ex sacra scriptura et sancti auctoribus excerpta (Valencia: Pedro Patricio Mey, 1588).

149In Hispanus conversus, Carrascón cites Breve historia, and provides the following quotation: ‘Quiso Dios estribasse el bien del hombre en dos ancoras esto es en Christo y en Maria benditissima su Madre, Porque como no avia el hombre por si solo sin el apoyo y arrimo de los merecimientos de esta esclarecida reyna de recelar le avia de desechar Dios?’; see Carrascón, Hispanus conversus, 10; Carrascón, Texeda retextus, 18. The quotation is taken from Guimerán, Breve historia, 7.

150The section begins, ‘Peccatores, te rogamus, audi nos. Ut veram poenitentiam nobis impetres, te rogamus. Ut domnum Apostolicum et omnes Ecclesiasticos ordines in Sancta religione conservari cures te rogamus’. It concludes with, ‘Ut Hispaniam totam, maximeque civitatem nostram tibi addictissimam ab omni contagio mali protegas, te rogamus audi nos. Ut toti Ecclesiae pacem concordem obtineas, te rogamus audi nos’. Guimeran, Breve historia, 182; Carrascón, Hispanus conversus, 15–16.

151‘An Encomiasticall Letanie to the blessed Virgine, the Mother of God […]’. Carrascón, Texeda retextus, 24–25.

152Carrascón, Hispanus conversus, 10; Carrascón, Texeda retextus, 18.

153John Morgan, ‘Brinsley, John (bap. 1566, d. in or after 1624)’, in ODNB <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/3440> [accessed 30 December 2011); John Brinsley, The Fourth Part of the True Watch Containing Prayers and Teares for the Churches. Or A Helpe to Hold Up the Hearts and Hands of the Poorest Servants of God, untill our Lord Iesus Christ Shall Have Rescued His Glorie, Kingdome, and People in All the World, and Fully Prepared the Way to His Most Glorious Appearing (London: [I. Jaggard?] for Thomas Pavier, 1624).

154John Brinsley, ‘An Epistle to the Plaine Hearted Seduced by Popery’, in The Fourth Part of the True Watch, unnumbered page, no signature.

155Brinsley, ‘Epistle to the Plaine Hearted’, in The Fourth Part of the True Watch, unnumbered page, no signature, marginal note ‘b’.

156Brinsley, The Fourth Part of the True Watch, 374–75.

157See Ronald J. Ross, The Failure of Bismarck's Kulturkampf: Catholicism and State Power in Imperial Germany, 1871-1887 (Washington, D.C., 1998); Emiliana P. Noether, ‘Vatican Council I: Its Political and Religious Setting’, The Journal of Modern History, 40 (1968), 218–33.

158Josef L. Altholz and John Powell, ‘Gladstone, Lord Ripon, and the Vatican Decrees, 1874’, Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies, 22 (1990), 449–59; Josef L. Altholz, ‘The Vatican Decrees Controversy, 1874-1875’, The Catholic Historical Review, 57 (1972), 593–605 (598).

159William E. Gladstone, The Vatican Decrees in Their Bearing on Civil Allegiance: A Political Expostulation (London: John Murray, 1874).

160As quoted in Altholz, ‘The Vatican Decrees Controversy’, 598.

161Robert Potts, ‘An Historical Sketch, and Ancient Documents Relating to the Papal Supremacy in England’, in Ultramontanism. England's Sympathy with Germany, as Expressed at the Public Meetings held in London, on January, 27, 1874, and Germany's Response, edited by G. R. Badenoch (London: Hatchards, 1874), 365–586.

162Potts, ‘An Historical Sketch’, in Ultramontanism, edited by Badenoch, 555–56.

163Carrascón concluded Scrutamini Scripturas with a reference list; see Carrascón, Scrutamini Scripturas, 60–62. The list consists of thirty-one books used by Carrascón in his polemical work against the Catholic Church. Each item is now enumerated, and complete bibliographical information has been provided. I made use of the Catálogo colectivo del patrimonio bibliográfico español (CCPBE) for the identification of bibliographical data that was missing in Carrascón's original list. I have preserved the orthography of the seventeenth-century text. However, I have modernised the orthography of the information obtained from the CCPBE.

164Carrascón opens the text of Miracles Unmasked with a reference list; see Carrascón, Miracles Unmasked, [A4rv]. The list consists of eighteen books used by Carrascón in his polemical work against the Roman Catholic Church. Each item is now enumerated, and complete bibliographical information has been provided. I made use of the Catálogo colectivo del patrimonio bibliográfico español (CCPBE) for the identification of bibliographical data that was missing in Carrascón's original list. I have preserved the orthography of the seventeenth-century text. However, I have modernised the orthography of the information obtained from the CCPBE.

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