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Abstract
High-bromide raw water was ozonated or chlorinated with and without hydrogen peroxide to study the effect of the disinfectants on the disinfection by-product (DBP) formation. Less bromate was formed when ozonation was made at the ambient pH of 5.8 as compared to ozonation at pH 7, showing the effectiveness of pH reduction in controlling the bromate formation. When chlorine dose was 1 mg/L instead of 2.3 mg/L, the trihalomethane formation was 50 μg/L instead of >100 μg/L, and the proportional distribution of the trihalomethanes was similar. The use of ozone for this water could provide good results in respect of the DBP formation.
Acknowledgments
This study was funded by the Academy of Finland and the Technology Development Centre of Finland (project no. 34538). Special thanks to Ms. Miia Hämäläinen, Mrs. Teija Korhonen, and Mrs. Mervi Ojala from the Laboratory of Chemistry of the National Public Health Institute, and Mr. Matti Pessi from the University of Kuopio for technical assistance.
Notes
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