Experimental investigation on the stability of foam using combination of anionic and zwitterionic surfactants: A screening scenario to obtain optimum compound

Abstract

The use of foam injection as an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique has been suggested since the 1960s to address issues with gas injection. Foam is composed of gas, water, and surfactant, which is utilized to stabilize the foam. This study investigates the synergy effect of anionic surfactant and two zwitterionic surfactants on enhancing solution stability. The anionic surfactant used is sodium dodecyl sulfate, while the chosen zwitterionic surfactants are cocamidopropy hydroxy sultine and Cocamido Propyl Betaine. Analyzing the images of the generated foam showed that initially, the small and uniform bubbles are formed in all concentrations. The foam size is then increased and in concentrations higher than a critical value, the bubbles grow faster which is likely due to the formation of micelles and deposition of surfactants. This leads to early collapse of the foam structure. The quantitative half-life results approved that the most optimal compound was obtained with equal proportions of sodium dodecyl sulfate and Cocamido Propyl Betaine with concentration of 3 wt% (1:1 ratio, 0.15 wt%-0.15 wt%). To quantitatively study on foam characteristics, conductivity and interfacial tension tests were performed. The results of the conductivity tests showed that micelles were formed in concentrations of more than 0.3 wt%. Interfacial tension measurements revealed that addition of a small amount of surfactants to the base solution, led to reduction of the interfacial tension value from 29.2 (mN/m) in base solution to less than 1 mN/m for solutions treated with surfactant.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• CO₂ foam
• foam stability
• surfactant
• interfacial tension
• conductivity

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.