The Paradox of Participation and the Hidden Role of Information: A Case Study

Abstract

This article examines the complex and often indirect role of participation and information in an integrated planning context. The case study is based in a diverse urban-rural estuarine setting where an integrated resource management program was established to help manage environmental and economic planning issues. The results of the research suggest that the use of participation by those not in government as a measure of success in achieving program objectives must be approached with caution and research resourcefulness in order to form an accurate image of impact and origin. The work supports the idea in planning theory that information has a transformative function that can alter perceptions and mindsets in advance of a decision phase, and affects planning systems at all stages. Dichotomies in opinion of program success and performance may be linked to information access. Consensus building among government agencies and nongovernmental organizations also requires broad access to information. The research indicates that participation by proxy can also be a significant source of influence.