The Catalysts for Urban Conservation in Indian Cities: Economics, Politics, and Public Advocacy in Lucknow

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Notes

1 The word Nawab refers to a native governor during the Mughal rule in India. A Nawab was usually an Islamic nobleman of high status. The Nawabi period refers to the period roughly between the 18th and 19th centuries when they were at the height of their power in Lucknow.

2 In Lucknow, the 2025 Master Plan briefly mentions "heritage zones," but Hazratganj is not listed as one. Preservation and conservation in the city are mainly the domain of state and federal agencies, guided by their respective legislation, and pertaining only to sites that they designate.

3 Lucknow Development Authority (LDA) was the principal public stakeholder for the urban conservation project. The other public agencies involved in the project were Lucknow Municipal Corporation (LMC), Lucknow Electricity Supply Administration (LESA), Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam (UPJN), and Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (UPPCL).