The Limits of Regulation Evidence from Local Plan Implementation in California

Abstract

Plans can be implemented by capital improvements, social programs, and land use controls. Local planning agencies focus on the last, but incorporate the other two in development regulations. For example, many communities require developers to provide infrastructure directly or cover project impacts through impact fees. This study of local planning agencies in California demonstrates the weaknesses of regulation as an approach to plan implementation. It shows that the process of administering regulations, including those that combine other objectives such as affordable housing, accommodates piecemeal change in plans, and that success depends upon demand for new development in the community.