Drug Use and Abuse in an Urban Veteran Spinal Cord Injured Population

ABSTRACT

Substance abuse in the spinal cord injured (SCI) population has been addressed in a few controlled studies. These reports have led to the belief that many SCI patients were illicit drug users prior to their injury and that their drug abuse was a contributing cause of their accidents. One large study determined from answers obtained on a questionnaire that drug abuse, other than alcohol, was prevalent among injured veterans. Our study uses urine toxicology to determine the frequency of drug use and abuse, excluding alcohol, in 72 inpatients and 81 outpatients associated with an urban Veterans Affairs Medical Center. In a blinded experiment, urinary concentrations of opiates, barbiturates, amphetamines, methadone, benzodiazepines, and cocaine were determined with Syva reagents on an Abbott VP. Urinary cannabinoids were determined using Abbott TDX and the FPIA method. The use of illicit (unprescribed) drugs was surprisingly low (≤13 percent) for an urban medical center. Outpatient cannabinoid abuse was significantly more frequent than inpatient usage (p < 0.01). Barbiturates were not found in any patient. Benzodiazepines were taken most commonly (29 percent). Since benzodiazepine usage is the direct result of physician prescription, wide-spread usage of this agent is avoidable. Physicians should pay attention to the probable deleterious consequences of benzodiazepine addiction related to depressive effects on the central nervous system caused by its chronic use.

Key words:

• drug abuse
• spinal cord injury
• toxicology