A Conceptual-Theoretical-Empirical Framework for Self-Forgiveness: Implications for Research and Practice

Abstract

Self-forgiveness literature has grown in depth and breadth since its inception in 1974. In 2005, Hall and Fincham proposed a conceptual process model of self-forgiveness. In approximately 10 years, there have been considerable advancements in conceptual understanding and empirical findings but less refinement of a theoretical framework. This article outlines a Conceptual-Theoretical-Empirical (C-T-E) framework to explain the origins, processes, and ethical limitations of self-forgiveness; to refine the definition of self-forgiveness; and to improve upon Hall and Fincham's (2005) model. This C-T-E framework provides a social-cognitive theoretical structure to direct future research and therapeutic practice.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Portions of this article are from John M. McConnell's doctoral dissertation completed at Ball State University. Dr. McConnell expresses his gratitude to David N. Dixon, Ph.D.; Felicia A. Dixon, Ph.D.; Paul M. Spengler, Ph.D.; and his reviewers for their helpful commentary on earlier and later versions of this article.