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Original Articles

Efectos Económicos y Financieros de las Subvenciones a la Inversión en la Pyme. Un Estudio Empírico

¿Financial and economic effects of subsidies to investements in SMEs. An empirical study

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Pages 899-933 | Received 08 Mar 2002, Accepted 02 Jul 2003, Published online: 15 Jan 2014
 

RESUMEN

La controversia sobre la utilidad de las subvenciones es antigua y con posturas claramente enfrentadas. Los que están en contra se basan en la existencia de fallos de gobierno, y los que están a favor se justifican por la existencia de fallos de mercado. En la literatura económica no existe consenso de cuáles son los efectos que este tipo de ayudas causan sobre el rendimiento de la empresa receptora. Ante esta problemática planteamos como principal objetivo analizar los efectos de las subvenciones a la inversión en la pyme, utilizando información contable para identificar variables de crecimiento, eficiencia, riesgo y rentabilidad. En el estudio empírico utilizamos una muestra de empresas subvencionadas y no subvencionadas de características similares, analizando la situación inicial, fijada un año antes de la concesión, y la posición final, dos años después de la misma. Los resultados muestran que las empresas subvencionadas no mejoran sus niveles de eficiencia, pero sí consiguen reducir su posición de riesgo financiero.

ABSTRACT

The controversy about the usefulness of subsidies is old and crammed with opposing positions. Those that are in favor of public aid to private companies lean on the existence of market failures, while those that are against it base their arguments on the existence of government failures. There is no consensus in the economic literature about the effects that this kind of aid causes on the subsidized firm performance. Within this framework, the main purpose of this study is to asses the effects of investment subsidies granted to Smes, identifying growth, efficiency, risk and profitability variables. We use accounting information about a sample composed by subsidized and non-subsidized firms with similar characteristics. With this sample we carry out a comparative analysis about the initial situation of the firms, one year before receiving the subsidy, and about the final situation of them, two years after receiving the aid. Results show that subsidized firms do not improve their efficiency, but do reduce their risk position.

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