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Original Articles

Cambios evolutivos en el patrón de lateralización en dos grupos de inmigrantes

Developmental changes in the lateralization pattern of two immigrants groups

Pages 27-38 | Published online: 29 Apr 2014
 

Resumen

Se han estudiado los cambios evolutivos de la participación hemisférica cerebral en 80 estudiantes de instituto germanosuecos y en 28 adultos polaco-suecos que llegaron como refugiados políticos desde Polonia a Succia. Mediante un estudio transversal tomando como principal variable independiente la duración de la estancia en Suecia, se encontró que la competencia en la segunda lengua (sueco) variaba desde cero hasta un nivel similar al de los nativos. Se tomaron varias medidas lingüísticas en los dos idiomas como el nivel de palabras mediante pruebas taquistoscópicas y el nivel de palabras y frases con escucha dicótica. Los resultados de las diversas modalidades mostraron la menor participación del hemisferio izquierdo a mayor nivel de bilingüismo. El cambio gradual hacia el hemisferio derecho ocurrió tanto en los bilingües tempranos como en los tardíos, y en la L1 y la L2 en idiomas similares. En idiomas diferentes se obtuvo un efecto significativo marginal sólo para la L2. Se discuten los resultados en función de las hipótesis actuales sobre la lateralización y se ofrecen datos en contra de la hipótesis de los estadios.

Summary

Developmental changes of cerebral hemispheric involvement were followed in 80 German-Swedish high school students and in 28 Polish- Swedish adults who came as political refugees from Poland to Sweden. By using a cross-sectional approach with lenght of residence in Sweden as the main independent variable, second language proficiency in Swedish was found to vary from zero to native-like competence. Various linguistic measures in two languages were taken on word level for tachistoscopic tests and on both word and sentence level for dichotic listening. The results across modalities provide evidence for decreasing left hemisphere involvement with increasing bilingualism. The gradual shift to the right hemisphere occurred in both early and late bilinguals to the same extent and in Language 1 and 2 for similar languages. For dissimilar languages, a marginally significant effect was obtained for L2, only. The results were discussed in terms of current hypotheses of laterality and provide evidence against the stage hypothesis.

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