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Contexto y desarrollo

Contexto y procesos cognitivos. La interacción niño-adulto

Context and cognitive processes. Adult-child interaction

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Pages 25-47 | Received 01 Sep 1988, Accepted 01 Dec 1988, Published online: 29 Apr 2014
 

Resumen

En este trabajo se revisa la incidencia del contexto social en el desarrollo cognitivo del niño. En él se analiza este problema desde diferentes perspectivas teóricas inspiradas en la biología y la etología, y se alude al planteamiento ecológico de Bronfenbrenner. Se presenta especial atención a los trabajos empíricos que, partiendo de la obra de Vygotsky, analizan la relación del niño con el adulto insistiendo en cómo ésta desempeña un importante papel en el paso de la regulación de la propia conducta a partir de los otros a la autorregulación y en cómo facilita al niño, en situaciones de aprendizaje o de solución de problemas, formas adecuadas de codificación o de estructuración de las tareas.

Abstract

The approach proposed in this paper aims for an integration of context and cognitive development. Children adapt to the constrains and adopt the techniques provided by society through practice and instrucion with other people guiding their activities. Several theoretical frameworks are presented, taken from Biology, Ethology and Ecology. Our reflection about the problem is close to the theoretical perspective that emphasizes in the sociocultural dimension of the context. Several authors have attempted to show that adult-child interaction is a necessary precursor to strategic skill in young children. The research we have reviewed allow us to conclude that the adult does not only improve children's learning in specific tasks, but facilitates more complex processes in which the child learns to leam.

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