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Studies in Psychology
Estudios de Psicología
Volume 43, 2022 - Issue 1
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Research Article

‘I am not who you think I am’: public stigma and invisible brain injury (‘No soy quien creen que soy’: estigma público y daño cerebral invisible)

ORCID Icon, , &
Pages 35-54 | Received 17 Jul 2021, Accepted 21 Sep 2021, Published online: 25 Jan 2022
 

ABSTRACT

Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) is a silent epidemic that affects people’s cognitive, neurobehavioural and socio-emotional functioning, generating impairments that are often invisible, that is, not apparent to the naked eye and difficult to understand. The literature suggests that the invisibility of ABI in addition to a lack of knowledge, misinformation and unfamiliarity in the general public are common sources of the stigma towards this population. As a consequence, psychoeducation to the general public has been defined as a key intervention, even though it has been traditionally directed at ABI survivors, their families and their immediate social environment. The purpose of this literature review is to outline the relationship between invisible deficits and public stigma. This review is theoretically guided by the social attribution theory and the danger appraisal model. We also discuss the implications of these models for the neuropsychological rehabilitation of people with ABI, placing special emphasis on the need to make psychoeducation available to the general public as an intervention that reduces stigma and, consequently, facilitates community reintegration.

RESUMEN

El Daño Cerebral Adquirido (DCA) es una epidemia silenciosa que afecta al funcionamiento cognitivo, neuroconductual y socioemocional, y genera secuelas que con frecuencia son invisibles, es decir, no aparentes a simple vista y de difícil identificación. La literatura señala a la invisibilidad del DCA, junto con el desconocimiento, la desinformación y la poca familiaridad, como fuentes de estigma a esta población en el público general. Por ello, se ha considerado a la psicoeducación como fundamental en la neurorrehabilitación, aunque en su mayoría está dirigida a sobrevivientes al DCA, sus familias y su entorno más próximo. Esta revisión narrativa tiene como objetivo presentar la literatura existente respecto a la relación entre invisibilidad de déficits y estigma público. Se revisará dicha relación desde las teorías sociales de la atribución y el modelo de evaluación de peligros. Se discutirá también las implicaciones de estos modelos para la rehabilitación neuropsicológica de personas con DCA, poniendo especial énfasis en la psicoeducación al público general como intervención que reduce el estigma y, en consecuencia, facilita la reintegración comunitaria.

Disclosure statement / Conflicto de intereses

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. / Los autores no han referido ningún potencial conflicto de interés en relación con este artículo.

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