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Studies in Psychology
Estudios de Psicología
Volume 43, 2022 - Issue 1
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Research Article

Effectiveness of robotic therapy in the proximal and distal rehabilitation of the upper limb in patients after stroke using the Amadeo® and Armeo® devices: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (Efectividad de la terapia robótica en la rehabilitación proximal y distal del miembro superior en personas tras un ictus con los dispositivos Amadeo® y Armeo®: una revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados)

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Pages 132-178 | Received 21 Sep 2021, Accepted 13 Oct 2021, Published online: 10 Feb 2022
 

ABSTRACT

Based on the evidence published in the literature, we evaluated the effectiveness of the Amadeo® and Armeo® robotic devices used to treat patients who suffered a resulting functional deficit of the upper limbs after stroke. A systematic search was carried out by two independent reviewers in Pubmed, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Otseeker, SciTePress, PEDro and Google Scholar databases following the PRISMA standard. Discrepancies between the two were resolved by consensus. Of the 799 articles initially identified, 13 RCTs were included for review as they met the inclusion criteria and showed highest methodological quality through a qualitative analysis of the evidence level according to PEDro and van Tulder scales. Relevant findings related to motor, cognitive and functional variables were analysed and discussed on a total of 595 stroke patients in different stages, based on their exposure to these devices. Strong evidence was found supporting rehabilitation of motor function and spasticity, moderate evidence for improvement in cognitive processes, limited evidence in improving pain and neuroplasticity and no evidence of changes in ADL or participation percentages. Robotic rehabilitation of the upper limb is effective after stroke.

RESUMEN

En base a la evidencia, evaluaremos la efectividad de los dispositivos robóticos Amadeo® y Armeo® en personas con ictus y déficit de funcionalidad de los miembros superiores. Una búsqueda sistemática se llevó a cabo por dos revisores independientes enlas bases de datos Pubmed, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Otseeker, SciTePress, PEDro database y Google Scholar siguiendo la norma PRISMA. Discrepancias entre ambos fueron resueltas por consenso. De 799 registros identificados inicialmente, fueron incluidos para revisión 13 ECAs, que cumplían criterios de inclusión y mostraban la más alta calidad metodológica mediante un análisis cualitativo del nivel de evidencia conPEDro y criterios vanTulder. Hallazgos relevantes relacionados con variables motoras, cognitivas y funcionales fueron analizados y discutidos sobre un total de 595 pacientes con ictus en diferentes fases, en base a su exposición a dichos dispositivos. Se encontró fuerte evidencia en función motora y espasticidad, mode-rada evidencia de mejora en procesos cognitivos, limitada evidencia en dolour y neuroplasticidad e insuficiente evidencia de cambios en AVD o participación. Resulta efectiva la terapia robótica del miembro superior tras un ictus.

Acknowledgements / Agradecimientos

The authors would like to thank A. Herranz, F. Cuenca and R. La-Touche (INCIMOV, CSEU La Salle), M.G. Carpena and C. Cuesta (Occupational Thinks Research Group, CSEULS), and M.C. Serrano (CSIC) for their help in the final formal preparation of this paper, as well as the physiotherapist T. Criado for their collaboration as an external evaluator in this systematic review process. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest in the direct application of this research study or in its results or the conclusions reached, and that it has been carried out without subsidies from any public or private entity. / Los autores desean agradecer a A. Herranz, F. Cuenca y R. La-Touche (INCIMOV, CSEU La Salle), a M.G. Carpena y C. Cuesta (Occupational Thinks Research Group, CSEULS) y a M.C. Serrano (CSIC) su ayuda en la elaboración final formal de este manuscrito, así como a la fisioterapeuta T. Criado su colaboración como evaluadora externa en este proceso de revisión sistemática. Los autores declaran que no existen conflictos de intereses de la aplicación directa de la presente investigación ni en los resultados o conclusiones alcanzados y que se ha realizado sin subvenciones de ningún organismo público o privado.

Disclosure statement / Conflicto de intereses

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. / Los autores no han referido ningún potencial conflicto de interés en relación con este artículo.

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