ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to investigate trends, patterns, and individual differences that are associated with intercultural sensitivity (IS) studies in the educational field. This study presents a systematic review of 65 articles published from 2011 to the present time. The analysis identified a continuous interest in IS with a focus on higher education with undergraduate participants. The predominant method is quantitative, and conceptual framework is the most frequently employed. Individual differences associated with an individual’s IS are divided into four categories: experiences, cultural values, demographics, and language proficiency. Based on this synthesis, I suggest three key areas for future IS studies: diversification of research design; expansion of research to Asian countries; and the role of autonomy and active interaction with IS.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Notes
1. Altan, (Citation2018), Anderson et al. (Citation2006), Bae, (Citation2013), Bloom and Miranda (Citation2015), Coffey et al. (Citation2017), Demetry and Vaz (Citation2017), Engle and Engle (Citation2004), Gholami Pasand et al. (Citation2021), Gordon and Mwavita (Citation2018), Huh et al. (Citation2015), Jackson, (Citation2011), KARRAS, (Citation2017), Li et al. (Citation2020), Mahoney and Schamber (Citation2004), Medina-López-Portillo, A (Citation2004). Mellizo, (Citation2019), Mellizo, (Citation2018), Park and Finch (Citation2016), Petrušić and Šešelj (Citation2021), Rissanen et al. (Citation2016), Rodríguez-Izquierdo (Citation2021), Ruales, et al. (Citation2021), Tuncel, (Citation2019), Wang, (Citation2021), Wattanavorakijkul, (Citation2020), Westrick, (Citation2004)
3. Altan, (Citation2018), Aslim Yetis and Kurt, (Citation2016), Aydemir and KALIN (Citation2021), Bae, (Citation2013), Bosuwon, (Citation2017), Çiloğlan and Bardakçi, (Citation2019), Coffey et al. (Citation2017), Gholami Pasand et al. (Citation2021), Gordon and Mwavita (Citation2018), Huh et al. (Citation2015), KARRAS, (Citation2017), Kazazoglu and Ece (Citation2021), Kim and Connelly (Citation2019), Kim et al. (Citation2017), Li et al. (Citation2020), Loebel et al. (Citation2021), Micó-Cebrián and Cava (Citation2014), Morales Mendoza et al. (Citation2017), Mostafaei Alaei and Nosrati, (Citation2018), Peng, (Citation2006), Petrušić and Šešelj (Citation2021), Piechurska-Kuciel and Rusieshvili (Citation2021), Şekerci and DOĞAN, (Citation2020), Sezer and Kahraman (Citation2016), Shi-Yong et al. (Citation2005), Su, (Citation2018), Tamam and Abdullah (Citation2012), Tamam and Hashmi (Citation2016), Tamam and Krauss (Citation2017), Tamam, (Citation2010), Tuncel, (Citation2019), Üzar‐Özçetin et al. (Citation2022) Wang and Zhou (Citation2016), Wattanavorakijkul, (Citation2020), Zhang and Han (Citation2019)
4. Altshuler et al. (Citation2003), Anderson et al. (Citation2006), Bloom and Miranda, (Citation2015), Demetry and Vaz, (Citation2017), Engle and Engle, (Citation2004), Etri, (Citation2015), Greenholtz, (Citation2005),Grossman and Yuen, (Citation2006), Hammer et al. (Citation2003), Holm et al. (Citation2009), Jackson, (Citation2011), Kuusisto et al. (Citation2015), Lee Olson and Kroeger, (Citation2001), Mahoney and Schamber, (Citation2004), Medina–López–Portillo, (Citation2004), Mellizo, (Citation2019), Mellizo, J. M (Citation2017). Mellizo, (Citation2018), Park and Finch, (Citation2016), Rissanen et al. (Citation2016), Rodríguez-Izquierdo, (Citation2021), Straffon, D. A. (Citation2003), Susilo, S. (Citation2019), Tabatadze & Gorgadze (Citation2018), Tarchi et al. (Citation2019), Wang, L. (Citation2021), Westrick, J (Citation2004), Yuen & Grossman (Citation2009).
Altan, M.Z. (2018). Intercultural sensitivity. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 46(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v18i1.750 Anderson, P.H., Lawton, L., Rexeisen, R.J., & Hubbard, A.C. (2006). Short-term study abroad and intercultural sensitivity: A pilot study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30(4), 457–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.10.004 Bae, J. (2013). The effects of reading global literature on Korean EFL learners’ literacy ability and intercultural sensitivity. English Teaching, 68(1), 3–36. https://doi.org/10.15858/engtea.68.1.201303.3 Bloom, M., & Miranda, A. (2015). Intercultural sensitivity through short-term study abroad. Language and Intercultural Communication, 15(4), 567–580. https://doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2015.1056795 Coffey, A., Kamhawi, R., Fishwick, P., & Henderson, J. (2017). The efficacy of an immersive 3D virtual versus 2D web environment in intercultural sensitivity acquisition. Educational Technology Research & Development, 65(2), 455–479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-017-9510-9 Demetry, C., & Vaz, R.F. (2017). Influence of an Education Abroad Program on the Intercultural Sensitivity of STEM Undergraduates: A Mixed Methods Study. Advances in Engineering Education, 6(1), n1. Engle, L., & Engle, J. (2004). Assessing language acquisition and intercultural sensitivity development in relation to study abroad program design. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10(1), 219–236. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v10i1.142 Gholami Pasand, P., Amerian, M., Dowlatabadi, H., & Mohammadi, A.M. (2021). Developing EFL learners’ intercultural sensitivity through computer-mediated peer interaction. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 50(6), 571–587. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2021.1943496 Gordon, S.R., & Mwavita, M. (2018). Evaluating the international dimension in an undergraduate curriculum by assessing students’ intercultural sensitivity. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 59, 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2018.03.005 Huh, H.-K., Choi, S.W., & Jun, J. (2015). Relationships among multicultural sensitivity, multicultural education awareness, and level of multicultural education practice of South Korean teachers. KEDI Journal of Educational Policy, 12(1). Jackson, J. (2011). Host language proficiency, intercultural sensitivity, and study abroad. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 21(1), 167–188. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v21i1.308 Li, C., Ip, H.H., Wong, Y.M., & Lam, W.S. (2020). An empirical study on using virtual reality for enhancing the youth’s intercultural sensitivity in Hong Kong. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 36(5), 625–635. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12432 Mahoney, S.L., & Schamber, J.F. (2004). Exploring the application of a developmental model of intercultural sensitivity to a general education curriculum on diversity. The Journal of General Education, 53(3), 311–334. https://doi.org/10.1353/jge.2005.0007 Medina–López–Portillo, A. (2004). Intercultural learning assessment: The link between program duration and the development of intercultural sensitivity. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10(1), 179–200. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v10i1.141 Mellizo, J.M. (2019). Exploring the effect of music education on intercultural sensitivity in early adolescence: A mixed methods inquiry. Music Education Research, 21(5), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.1080/14613808.2019.1665005 Mellizo, J.M. (2018). Transformative Citizenship Education and intercultural sensitivity in early adolescence. World Journal of Education, 8(3), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v8n3p139 Park, H., & Finch, A. (2016). Promoting intercultural sensitivity through New Korean cinema films. East Asian Journal of Popular Culture, 2(2), 169–191. https://doi.org/10.1386/eapc.2.2.169_1 Petrušić, D., & Šešelj, T. (2021). The relation between intercultural sensitivity and world music preferences among grammar school and vocational school students. Journal of Elementary Education, 14(3), 319–335. https://doi.org/10.18690/rei.14.3.319-335.2021 Rissanen, I., Kuusisto, E., & Kuusisto, A. (2016). Developing teachers’ intercultural sensitivity: Case study on a pilot course in Finnish teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 59, 446–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.07.018 Rodríguez-Izquierdo, R.M. (2021). Does service learning affect the development of intercultural sensitivity? A study comparing students’ progress in two different methodologies. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 82, 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.03.005 Ruales, S.T.P., Van Petegem, W., Tabudlong, J.M., & Agirdag, O. (2021). Increasing pre-service teachers’ multicultural sensitivity through online learning. Education and Information Technologies, 26(1), 165–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10247-8 Tuncel, I. (2019). The effectiveness of intercultural sensitivity development activities integrated with scientific research methods course. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(1), 301–312. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.1.301 Wang, L. (2021). Tertiary dance education in inclusive settings: Teachers’ intercultural sensitivity for teaching international students. Research in Dance Education, 22(3), 287–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/14647893.2020.1766008 Wattanavorakijkul, N. (2020). Measuring intercultural sensitivity of Thai university students: Impact of their participation in the US Summer work travel program. REFLections, 27(1), 81–102. https://doi.org/10.61508/refl.v27i1.241822 Westrick, J. (2004). The influence of service-learning on intercultural sensitivity: A quantitative study. Journal of Research in International Education, 3(3), 277–299. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240904047356 Coffey, A., Kamhawi, R., Fishwick, P., & Henderson, J. (2017). The efficacy of an immersive 3D virtual versus 2D web environment in intercultural sensitivity acquisition. Educational Technology Research & Development, 65(2), 455–479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-017-9510-9 Gordon, S.R., & Mwavita, M. (2018). Evaluating the international dimension in an undergraduate curriculum by assessing students’ intercultural sensitivity. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 59, 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2018.03.005 Kuusisto, E., Kuusisto, A., Rissanen, I., Holm, K., & Tirri, K. (2015). Finnish teachers’ and students’ intercultural sensitivity. Journal of Religious Education, 63(2/3), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40839-016-0018-0 Tabatadze, S., & Gorgadze, N. (2018). Selective intercultural sensitivity to different sources of cultural identity: Study of intercultural sensitivity of students at teacher education programs of Georgia. Journal for Multicultural Education, 12(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1108/JME-11-2016-0059 Zhang, Y., & Han, E.-J. (2019). Comparative study of intercultural sensitivity of college students in two distinctive institutions in the U.S. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 48(5), 477–493. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2019.1662825 Altan, M.Z. (2018). Intercultural sensitivity. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 46(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v18i1.750 Aslim Yetis, V., & Kurt, Ç. (2016). Intercultural sensitivity levels of Turkish pre-service foreign language teachers: Examples from education faculties of two universities in Turkey. Educational Research & Reviews, 11, 1719–1730. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2016.2914 Aydemir, A., & KALIN, Ö.U. (2021). Relationship between levels of intercultural sensitivity and emotional intelligence amongst preservice social studies teachers. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 11(2), 410–428. https://doi.org/10.33403/rigeo.759860 Bae, J. (2013). The effects of reading global literature on Korean EFL learners’ literacy ability and intercultural sensitivity. English Teaching, 68(1), 3–36. https://doi.org/10.15858/engtea.68.1.201303.3 Bosuwon, T. (2017). Social intelligence and communication competence: Predictors of students’ intercultural sensitivity. English Language Teaching, 10(2), 136–149. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n2p136 Çiloğlan, F., & Bardakçi, M. (2019). The relationship between intercultural sensitivity and English language achievement. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 15(3), 1204–1214. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.631563 Coffey, A., Kamhawi, R., Fishwick, P., & Henderson, J. (2017). The efficacy of an immersive 3D virtual versus 2D web environment in intercultural sensitivity acquisition. Educational Technology Research & Development, 65(2), 455–479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-017-9510-9 Gholami Pasand, P., Amerian, M., Dowlatabadi, H., & Mohammadi, A.M. (2021). Developing EFL learners’ intercultural sensitivity through computer-mediated peer interaction. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 50(6), 571–587. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2021.1943496 Gordon, S.R., & Mwavita, M. (2018). Evaluating the international dimension in an undergraduate curriculum by assessing students’ intercultural sensitivity. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 59, 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2018.03.005 Huh, H.-K., Choi, S.W., & Jun, J. (2015). Relationships among multicultural sensitivity, multicultural education awareness, and level of multicultural education practice of South Korean teachers. KEDI Journal of Educational Policy, 12(1). Kazazoglu, S., & Ece, E. (2021). Exploring pre-service and Novice EFL teachers’ intercultural sensitivity. Novitas-ROYAL (Research on Youth and Language), 15(1), 76–89. Kim, H., & Connelly, J. (2019). Preservice Teachers’ Multicultural Attitudes, Intercultural Sensitivity, and their Multicultural Teaching Efficacy. Educational Research Quarterly, 42(4), 3–20. Kim, J., Choi, J., & Tatar, B. (2017). English-Medium Instruction and intercultural sensitivity: A Korean case study. Journal of Studies in International Education, 21(5), 467–482. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315317720767 Li, C., Ip, H.H., Wong, Y.M., & Lam, W.S. (2020). An empirical study on using virtual reality for enhancing the youth’s intercultural sensitivity in Hong Kong. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 36(5), 625–635. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12432 Loebel, M.P.K., Gálvez-Nieto, J.L., & Beltrán-Véliz, J.C. (2021). Factor structure of the intercultural sensitivity scale (ISS) in a sample of university students from Chile. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 82, 168–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.03.015 Micó-Cebrián, P., & Cava, M.-J. (2014). Intercultural sensitivity, empathy, self-concept and satisfaction with life in primary school students / Sensibilidad intercultural, empatía, autoconcepto y satisfacción con la vida en alumnos de educación primaria. Infancia Y Aprendizaje, 37(2), 342–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/02103702.2014.918819 Morales Mendoza, K., Sanhueza Henríquez, S., Friz Carrillo, M., & Riquelme Bravo, P. (2017). The intercultural sensitivity of Chilean teachers serving an immigrant population in schools. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 6(1), 71–77. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2016.8.173 Mostafaei Alaei, M., & Nosrati, F. (2018). Research into EFL teachers’ intercultural communicative competence and intercultural sensitivity. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 47(2), 73–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2018.1424020 Peng, S.Y. (2006). A comparative perspective of intercultural sensitivity between college students and multinational employees in China. Multicultural Perspectives, 8(3), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327892mcp0803_7 Petrušić, D., & Šešelj, T. (2021). The relation between intercultural sensitivity and world music preferences among grammar school and vocational school students. Journal of Elementary Education, 14(3), 319–335. https://doi.org/10.18690/rei.14.3.319-335.2021 Piechurska-Kuciel, E., & Rusieshvili, M. (2021). Us and them: Intercultural sensitivity of Polish and Georgian adolescent multilinguals. International Journal of Multilingualism, 18(3), 352–369. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2020.1820013 Şekerci, H., & Doğan, M.C. (2020). An analysis of prospective primary school teachers’ intercultural sensitivity in terms of different cultural variables. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(75), 1170–1184. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.645770 Sezer, G.O., & Kahraman, P.B. (2016). Evaluating personal qualifications of teacher candidates in terms of intercultural sensitivity levels. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(n12A), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2016.041301 Shi-Yong, P., Rangsipaht, S., & Thaipakdee, S. (2005). Measuring intercultural sensitivity: A comparative study of ethnic Chinese and Thai nationals. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 34(1/2), 119–137. Su, Y.-C. (2018). Assessing Taiwanese college students’ intercultural sensitivity, EFL interests, attitudes toward native English speakers, ethnocentrism, and their interrelation. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 27(3), 217–226. (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-018-0380-7 Tamam, E., & Abdullah, A.N. (2012). Influence of ethnic-related diversity experiences on intercultural sensitivity of students at a public university in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Education Review, 13(3), 519–528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-012-9212-2 Tamam, E., & Hashmi, M. (2016). Predicting interethnic bridging social capital in youth ethnic-diversity engagement: The role of interethnic interaction and intercultural sensitivity. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 21(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2015.1024697 Tamam, E., & Krauss, S.E. (2017). Ethnic-related diversity engagement differences in intercultural sensitivity among Malaysian undergraduate students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 22(2), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2014.881295 Tamam, E. (2010). Examining Chen and Starosta’s model of intercultural sensitivity in a multiracial collectivistic country. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 39(3), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2010.534860 Tuncel, I. (2019). The effectiveness of intercultural sensitivity development activities integrated with scientific research methods course. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(1), 301–312. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.1.301 Üzar‐Özçetin, Y.S., Çelik, S., & Özenç‐Ira, G. (2022). The relationships among psychological resilience, intercultural sensitivity and empathetic tendency among teachers of Syrian refugee children in Turkey. Health & Social Care in the Community, 30(2), e410–e419. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13215 Wang, W., & Zhou, M. (2016). Validation of the short form of the intercultural sensitivity scale (ISS-15). International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 55, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2016.08.002 Wattanavorakijkul, N. (2020). Measuring intercultural sensitivity of Thai university students: Impact of their participation in the US Summer work travel program. REFLections, 27(1), 81–102. https://doi.org/10.61508/refl.v27i1.241822 Zhang, Y., & Han, E.-J. (2019). Comparative study of intercultural sensitivity of college students in two distinctive institutions in the U.S. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 48(5), 477–493. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2019.1662825 Altshuler, L., Sussman, N., & Kachur, E. (2003). Assessing changes in intercultural sensitivity among physician trainees using the intercultural development inventory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27(4), 387–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-1767(03)00029-4 Anderson, P.H., Lawton, L., Rexeisen, R.J., & Hubbard, A.C. (2006). Short-term study abroad and intercultural sensitivity: A pilot study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30(4), 457–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.10.004 Bloom, M., & Miranda, A. (2015). Intercultural sensitivity through short-term study abroad. Language and Intercultural Communication, 15(4), 567–580. https://doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2015.1056795 Demetry, C., & Vaz, R.F. (2017). Influence of an Education Abroad Program on the Intercultural Sensitivity of STEM Undergraduates: A Mixed Methods Study. Advances in Engineering Education, 6(1), n1. Engle, L., & Engle, J. (2004). Assessing language acquisition and intercultural sensitivity development in relation to study abroad program design. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10(1), 219–236. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v10i1.142 Etri, W. (2015). The road to understanding intercultural sensitivity in English language teaching (ELT) pre-existing frames for intercultural sensitivity. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ), 6(1), 169–184. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol6no1.14 Greenholtz, J.F. (2005). Does intercultural sensitivity cross cultures? Validity issues in porting instruments across languages and cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(1), 73–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.04.010 Grossman, D.L., & Yuen, C.Y. (2006). Beyond the rhetoric: A study of the intercultural sensitivity of Hong Kong secondary school teachers. Pacific Asian Education, 18(1). 70‒87. Hammer, M.R., Bennett, M.J., & Wiseman, R. (2003). Measuring intercultural sensitivity: The intercultural development inventory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27(4), 421–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0147-1767(03)00032-4 Holm, K., Nokelainen, P., & Tirri, K. (2009). Relationship of gender and academic achievement to Finnish students’ intercultural sensitivity. High Ability Studies, 20(2), 187–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/13598130903358543 Jackson, J. (2011). Host language proficiency, intercultural sensitivity, and study abroad. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 21(1), 167–188. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v21i1.308 Kuusisto, E., Kuusisto, A., Rissanen, I., Holm, K., & Tirri, K. (2015). Finnish teachers’ and students’ intercultural sensitivity. Journal of Religious Education, 63(2/3), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40839-016-0018-0 Lee Olson, C., & Kroeger, K.R. (2001). Global competency and intercultural sensitivity. Journal of Studies in International Education, 5(2), 116–137. https://doi.org/10.1177/102831530152003 Mahoney, S.L., & Schamber, J.F. (2004). Exploring the application of a developmental model of intercultural sensitivity to a general education curriculum on diversity. The Journal of General Education, 53(3), 311–334. https://doi.org/10.1353/jge.2005.0007 Medina–López–Portillo, A. (2004). Intercultural learning assessment: The link between program duration and the development of intercultural sensitivity. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10(1), 179–200. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v10i1.141 Mellizo, J.M. (2019). Exploring the effect of music education on intercultural sensitivity in early adolescence: A mixed methods inquiry. Music Education Research, 21(5), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.1080/14613808.2019.1665005 Mellizo, J.M. (2017). Exploring intercultural sensitivity in early adolescence: A mixed methods study. Intercultural Education, 28(6), 571–590. https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2017.1392488 Mellizo, J.M. (2018). Transformative Citizenship Education and intercultural sensitivity in early adolescence. World Journal of Education, 8(3), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v8n3p139 Park, H., & Finch, A. (2016). Promoting intercultural sensitivity through New Korean cinema films. East Asian Journal of Popular Culture, 2(2), 169–191. https://doi.org/10.1386/eapc.2.2.169_1 Rissanen, I., Kuusisto, E., & Kuusisto, A. (2016). Developing teachers’ intercultural sensitivity: Case study on a pilot course in Finnish teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 59, 446–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.07.018 Rodríguez-Izquierdo, R.M. (2021). Does service learning affect the development of intercultural sensitivity? A study comparing students’ progress in two different methodologies. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 82, 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.03.005 Straffon, D.A. (2003). Assessing the intercultural sensitivity of high school students attending an international school. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27(4), 487–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-1767(03)00035-X Susilo, S. (2019). Pre-service teachers’ Teaching skills, English proficiency, intercultural sensitivity, exposure to foreign culture across L2 environments. International Journal of Language Education, 3(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v1i1.6929 Tabatadze, S., & Gorgadze, N. (2018). Selective intercultural sensitivity to different sources of cultural identity: Study of intercultural sensitivity of students at teacher education programs of Georgia. Journal for Multicultural Education, 12(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1108/JME-11-2016-0059 Tarchi, C., Surian, A., & Daiute, C. (2019). Assessing study abroad students’ intercultural sensitivity with narratives. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 34(4), 873–894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-019-00417-9 Wang, L. (2021). Tertiary dance education in inclusive settings: Teachers’ intercultural sensitivity for teaching international students. Research in Dance Education, 22(3), 287–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/14647893.2020.1766008 Westrick, J. (2004). The influence of service-learning on intercultural sensitivity: A quantitative study. Journal of Research in International Education, 3(3), 277–299. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240904047356 Yuen, C.Y., & Grossman, D.L. (2009). The intercultural sensitivity of student teachers in three cities. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 39(3), 349–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057920802281571 Additional information
Notes on contributors
Jiyeun Choi
Jiyeun Choi is currently a doctoral student at the National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, specializing in curriculum and teaching. Her research interests encompass curriculum development in multicultural education at the primary school level, ethnic identity development, and international comparative studies. This focus reflects her commitment to understanding and enhancing educational approaches in diverse cultural contexts.