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Abstract
In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) - Internet of Things (IoT) the coverage of underground becomes an essential challenge and issue in today’s era due to the unpredicted natural disaster occurred in the various places of coal mines. The IoT based WSN system help to pre-alert regarding any disaster occurrence that results in save of very vital human resources. The most important factor of the network is coverage and connectivity consideration for the coal mine system with energy-efficient utilization of wireless sensor nodes and some relay nodes to maximize the network WSN. The most of authors are focused on the density deployment pattern of sensor nodes in underground wireless WSN, but fewer researchers are contributing towards relay deployment pattern to maximize the lifetime of the network but there is a scope to enhance relay node deployment pattern for the sensor network. In this paper a framework design for relay nodes deployment patterns with the load balancing among them to order to maximize the lifetime of the network.