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Abstract
Moderate prosperity is a social ideal for which the Chinese people have been striving for thousands of years. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and especially since the reform and opening-up policy was implemented in the late 1970s, the Communist Party of China deepened its understanding of the laws governing the building a moderate prosperous society in practice and wrought brilliant achievements in completing a moderate prosperous society in all respects. Completing such a society is a key step in realizing the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation, making scientific socialism radiate strong vitality in the 21st century and greatly expanding the way developing countries modernize. The great practice of completing a moderately prosperous society in all respects has accumulated precious experience for building a modern socialist country in all respects.
Notes
1 Party Literature Research Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, ed., Selected Important Documents Produced since the 13th CPC National Congress, vol. 1, p. 16.
2 Ibid., vol. 2, p. 1401.
3 Hu Jintao, Selected Works of Hu Jintao, vol. 3, p. 625.
4 The Five-sphere Integrated Plan is to promote coordinated economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological advancement.
5 The Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy is to make comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance law-based governance, and strengthen Party self-governance.
6 In 1981, China’s rural poverty population accounted for about 38.29 percent of the world’s poor. See Wei Houkai and Pan Chenguang, eds., China Rural Development Report: A Focus on Completing a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects in Rural Areas 2016, p. 107.
7 See Li Peilin and Wei Houkai, eds., Blue Book on Poverty Alleviation: Report on Poverty Alleviation and Development in China (2016), p. 54.
8 See the databank of the World Bank, www.databank.shihang.org.
9 See Lin Zhaomu, “Through the Storm, China Is More Confident (Oral History: China Has Grown More Wonderful over the Past 40 Years [12]),” p. 3.
10 See Ning Jizhe, “Decisive Progress Has Been Made in Completing a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects and Areas of Weakness Must Be Shored Up More Quickly to Complete That Society,” p. 11.
11 See “Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs: China’s Urbanization Level Has Exceeded 60 Percent, and It’s Time to Use More Land Value-Added Income on Agriculture, Rural Areas, and Farmers.”
12 See National Bureau of Statistics of China, National Data, https://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm.
13 See National Bureau of Statistics of China, “A Great Leap in Science and Technology Development and a New Chapter of Innovation-Led Development: Report on the Achievements of Economic and Social Development in Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of the Founding of the PRC (7).”
14 See Zhao Yongxin, “China’s Innovation Index Ranks 14th in the World,” p. 12
15 See National Bureau of Statistics of China, National Data, https://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm.
16 National Bureau of Statistics of China, “Income and Consumer Expenditures in 2019.”
17 See National Bureau of Statistics of China, “People’s Lives Achieve Historic Leaps and Stride toward a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects: Report on the Achievements of Economic and Social Development in Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of the Founding of People’s Republic of China (14).”
18 See Chu Zirui, “Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development: More Than 200 Million People Have Been Helped to Solve Their Housing Difficulties.”
19 See National Health Commission of the PRC, “Statistical Bulletin on China’s Health Development in 2019.”
20 See National Bureau of Statistics of China, “Steady Growth in Total Population and Significant Improvement in Well-Rounded Quality of the People: Report on the Achievements of Economic and Social Development in Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of the Founding of People’s Republic of China (20).”
21 United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report 2019: Beyond Income, Beyond Averages, Beyond Today: Inequalities in Human Development in the 21st Century.
22 Data for 1979.
23 See Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the PRC, “2019 Statistical Bulletin of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the PRC on Cultural and Tourism Development.”
24 See China Internet Network Information Center, “The 46th Statistical Report on the Development of the Internet in China.”
25 See Ministry of Education of the PRC, ed., China Education Statistical Yearbook for the relevant years; 2019 data come from the “2019 Statistical Bulletin on National Education Development.”
26 The 1978 data come from Bai Jianfeng, “Ensuring People’s Access to Medical Services: From Having Access to Medical Services to Maintaining Good Health,” p. 11; the 1986 data come from Yan Qiaoru, “CDC Being ‘Integrated,’” p. 10; and the 2019 data come from National Health Commission of the PRC, “Statistical Bulletin on China’s Health Development in 2019.”
27 See National Healthcare Security Administration, “2019 Statistical Report on Healthcare Security Development.”
28 See He Yuxin, “Major Illness Insurance Covers 1.05 Billion Urban and Rural Residents: Close to Full Coverage.”
29 See Yu Lu, “China’s Water Efficiency Has Improved Significantly since the 13th Five-Year Plan Period,” p. 15.
30 See Leading Party Members’ Group of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, “Leading the Building of Beautiful China with Xi Jinping’s Thinking on Ecological Civilization: An In-Depth Study of the Third Volume of Xi Jinping’s The Governance of China,” p. 9.
31 See National Bureau of Statistics of China, “Agricultural Production at a New Level and a New Blueprint for Modern Agriculture: Report on the Achievements of Economic and Social Development in Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of the Founding of People’s Republic of China (12).”
32 Ibid.
33 Xi Jinping, “Leadership of Communist Party of China Defines Socialism with Chinese Characteristics.”
34 Nian Guanghui, “At the National Conference on Public Communication, Xi Jinping Emphasized the Need to Bear the Big Picture in Mind, Keep in Line with Trends, Focus on Priorities, and Strive to Do a Better Job of Public Communication Work,” p. 1.
35 Xi Jinping, The Governance of China, vol. II, p. 339.
36 Ibid., p. 36.