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ABSTRACT
In cognitive Internet of Things (C-IoT), spectrum detection aims to find the available spectrum resources for cognitive sensor nodes. However, it always consumes more energy to get higher detection rate in spectrum detection, so energy consumption and detection rate are positively correlated in C-IoT. Different from the available algorithms, we model spectrum detection in C-IoT as a multi-objective optimization problem and aim to find the trade-off points of spectrum detection. An artificial physics optimization algorithm is proposed to solve spectrum detection problems in C-IoT. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the energy consumption and keep a high detection rate.
Nomenclature
| C-IoT | = | cognitive Internet of Things |
| N | = | cognitive sensor nodes |
| α | = | percentage of sleeping nodes |
| θ1 and θ2 | = | filtering thresholds |
| θ1 < Ei < θ2 | = | filtering domain |
| β | = | filtering percentage |
| E | = | total energy consumption |
| Ci | = | energy consumption by node i for spectrum detection |
| Ti | = | required energy for node i transmitting the decision result to the fusion center |
| pd | = | local detection rate |
| RD | = | global spectrum detection rate |
| m | = | mass of particle |
| v | = | velocity of particle |
| x | = | position of particle |
| Δx | = | particles displacement |
| F | = | virtual force |
| t | = | moment |
| X = (α,θ1,θ2) | = | a possible solution |
| g | = | evolutionary generation |
| s | = | population size |
| X(g) = {x1(g), x2(g) .... Xs(g)} | = | population |
| vi (g) = 0 | = | initial velocity of the particles |
| gmax | = | maximum evolutionary generation |
| G | = | initial gravitational coefficient |
| θ | = | inertial coefficient, |
| Anon (g) | = | non-dominated solution |
| Snon(g) | = | size of Anon(g) |
| ri(g) | = | order value |
| i | = | particle |
| mi | = | mass of particle i. |
| S | = | order value |
| Fi | = | resultant force of the particles |
| Fi,j | = | force of the particle j to the particle i |
| λ | = | a random variable |
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.