Review of Neuromodulation Techniques and Technological Limitations

ABSTRACT

The main aim of the proposed work is to review and develop a theoretical background for analysis of different types of neuromodulation techniques. Neuromodulation is a clinical therapeutic tool to modify the neuronal activities in order to address the disorders associated with the nervous system. The most recent development in neuromodulation tools is optogenetics. Being a form of gene therapy, optogenetics combines genetic engineering with optics as stimulation as well as inhibition to observe and control the function of genetically targeted groups of cells with light, often in intact animals.

KEYWORDS:

• Brain machine interface
• Neuromodulation
• Optogenetics
• Optrode

Acknowledgments

The author likes to thank Professor Bertram Schmidt and team members of Chair of Microsystems for their support. Special thanks to Martin Deckert thesis supervisor for the support to explore some unique and unconventional ideas.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Rabinder Henry

Rabinder Henry is a chief technology officer at Jampot Photonics. He received the Master of Science degree in RF & microwave engineering from Photonics Technical University of Dresden and the Master of Science degree in medical systems engineering from Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany.

E-mail: [email protected]

Martin Deckert

Martin Deckert is currently working as a researcher at Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany in Institute of Microsystems and Sensors. He received the Master of Science degree in mechanical engineering from University of Magdeburg and Master of Science Degree in microsystems from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, USA.

E-mail: [email protected]

Velmathi Guruviah

G. Velmathi is currently working as a professor in the School of Electronics Engineering at VIT Chennai. She received the PhD degree from Indian Institute of Science on MEMS based gas sensors.

E-mail: [email protected]

Bertram Schmidt

Betram Schmidt is currently the professor and head of Chair of Microsystems, Germany in Institute of Microsystems and Sensor at Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany.

E-mail: [email protected]