Digitization of Land Record Through Blockchain-based Consensus Algorithm

Abstract

At present, real estate markets hold and contribute a fair share of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of any country. The real estate transactions generate revenue in stamp duties, which goes directly into the government kitty. However, this suffers from land document forgery and fraudulent activities due to a lack of an efficient, distributed, and completely digital system. This paper proposes a blockchain-based framework for digitizing property transactions that mitigate the risk of document forgery and other fraudulent activities. Over time, the amount of these transactions can become overwhelming, thus increasing the number of blocks. The proposed framework is based on blockchain technology to decentralize the complete ecosystem. The framework encompasses all major activities for property transactions. The framework uses the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) that is a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) swarm network, to integrate different region registry offices in the state/country seamlessly. In order to make it secure, a consensus algorithm is proposed that reduces overhead transmissions for multicasting nodes by about 50%. The message exchange communication overhead also reduces by 54.86%. The time taken for the consensus algorithm is around 53.7% lesser than the Proof-of-Work mechanism in which all nodes participate in consensus and 10% lesser than the existing load-based approach.

KEYWORDS:

• Blockchain
• Consensus mechanism
• Distributed ledger technology (DLT)
• InterPlanetary file system
• Peer-to-peer network
• Property transaction

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Amrendra Singh Yadav

Amrendra Singh Yadav obtained his BTech degree in information technology from Uttar Pradesh Technical University Lucknow, India, in 2012 and MTech degree in computer science and engineering from Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur (U P), India in 2014. Currently, he is a PhD student in the Department of CSE, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, India. His research interest includes blockchain technology and computer network.

Dharmender Singh Kushwaha

Dharmender Singh Kushwaha received a BE in computer engineering from the University of Pune, India, in 1990. He received the MTech and PhD in computer science and engineering from Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, India, in 2007. He was the recipient of the Gold medal for his masters. Since 2018 he is working as a professor with the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, India. His research interest includes distributed systems, service-oriented architecture, data structure, image processing and blockchain technology. He stresses the need for research that helps national security and social cause. Email: [email protected]