https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0597-5136
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Abstract
Electromagnetic (EM) absorbers are specially designed structures that dissipate the absorbed EM energy into heat by minimizing the reflection as well as transmission. The absorbers operating in microwave and millimetre wave regimes have been found essential in applications such as radar, communication systems, EM interference prevention, and stealth technologies. Design concepts such as Salisbury, Jaunman screens, and impedance-matching layers are discussed. As a game-changing innovation in wave attribute manipulation, metamaterial behaviour provides an unprecedented command over how waves interact with matter. This review examines the significant hurdles and restrictions metamaterial absorbers must overcome, like fabrication, the tradeoff between absorption bandwidth and thickness, and material losses. Broadband absorption, tunability, and feasibility of producing thin, lightweight absorbers all contribute to their desirability for various applications. Different losses responsible for the absorption phenomena are detailed for both narrowband and broadband cases. This critical analysis highlights the enormous promise of metamaterial absorbers while emphasizing the ongoing research efforts needed to overcome the associated obstacles. Its goal is to advance state-of-the-art designs by critically assessing the existing status of the field, thereby guiding future research, development, making it easier to implement microwave and millimetre wave absorbers in a wide range of real-time applications.
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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Mohammad Abdul Shukoor
Mohammad Abdul Shukoor received PhD in 2023 from the Electrical Engineering Department, IIT Palakkad, Kerala, India-678557. Dr. Abdul has done his MTech in radar & microwave engineering from Andhra University and a bachelor degree in electronics & communication engineering, from Nagarjuna University in 2016 and 2013.
Abdul is working as a postdoctoral fellow in the ECE, IITRoorkee department, with Prof. Karun Rawat. His current research interests include metamaterial absorbers, FSSs, and polarization converters, and now he extended his journey towards active antennas and RF power amplifiers. He has published more than 40 research articles and filed four Indian patents. In addition, Dr. Abdul was the recipient of the Best Paper Awards at IEEE Conferences like the International IoT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference, Vancouver, BC, Canada, in 2020, and WAMS 2022.
Sukomal Dey
Sukomal Dey Sukomal Dey received the BTech degree in electronics and communication engineering from the West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata, India, in 2006, the MTech degree in mechatronics engineering from the Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, India, in 2008, and the PhD degree from the Centre for Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India, in July 2015. From August 2015 to July 2016, he was a project scientist with Industrial Research and Development Centre, IIT Delhi, and also worked on a collaborative research project supported by Synergy Microwave Corp., Paterson, NJ, USA. From August 2016 to June 2018, he was with Radio Frequency Microsystem Lab, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, as a postdoctorate research fellow. Dr. Dey served as an assistant professor from June, 2018 to June 2023, and since June 2023, he has been an associate professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India. For his MTech dissertation (one year), he was with Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, India, in 2009. He has authored or co-authored more than 150 research papers, two state-of-the art books, two book chapters, and filed 16 patents. His research interests include electromagnetic metamaterial structures, frequency selective surfaces, microwave imaging, and microwave-integrated circuits, including antennas and RFMEMS.
Dey was the recipient of the Postgraduate Student Award from the Institute of Smart Structure and System, Bangalore, India, in 2012, Best Industry Relevant Ph.D. Thesis Award from the Foundation for Innovation in Technology Transfer, IIT Delhi, in 2016, Distinction in Doctoral Research - 2016 from IIT Delhi, Postdoctoral Fellow Scholarships from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, in 2016 and 2017, respectively, Early Career Research Award from the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Government of India, in 2019, Smt. Ranjana Pal Memorial Award (2021) from the Institution of Electronics andCommunication Engineers, Technology Translation Award - 2023 from the SERB, India and several best paper awards with his students from national and international IEEE conferences. He has been inducted in the technical program committee 4 and 6 of the IEEE MTT Society. Dr. Dey is senior member of IEEE and current vice-chairman of the IEEE-MTTs society, Kerala chapter. Dr.Dey is a Fellowof IETE, India and associate editor of IETE-Journal of Research, Taylor and Francis. Email: [email protected]
Shiban K. Koul
Shiban Koul received bachelor of technology degree in electrical engineering from the Regional Engineering College in 1977, master of technology degree in microwave engineering in 1979 and PhD degree in the same field in 1983 from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, in India. He is currently an emeritus professor at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. His research interests include RF MEMS, high frequency wireless communication, microwave engineering, microwave passive and active circuits, device modelling, millimetre and sub-millimetre wave IC design, body area networks, flexible and wearable electronics, medical applications of sub-terahertz waves, EMI/EMC suppression techniques and reconfigurable microwave circuits including miniaturized antennas. He has successfully completed 38 major sponsored projects, 52 consultancy projects and 61 technology development projects. He has authored/coauthored 615 research Papers, 23 state-of-the art books, 4 book chapters and 2 e-books. He holds 26 patents, 6 copyrights and one Trademark. He has guided 30 PhD theses and more than 120 master's theses.
Shiban is a life fellow of IEEE and fellow of INAE and IETE. He is the Chief Editor of IETE Journal of Research and Associate Editor of the International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Cambridge University Press. From 2012 to 2014, he served as Distinguished Microwave Lecturer (DML) for IEEE MTT-S. Previously, he served as Speaker Bureau Lecturer for IEEE MTT-S. In addition to serving as an AdCom member of the IEEE MTT Society from 2010 to 2018, he is currently a member of the society's Awards, Nominations & Appointments and Education Committees. Prior to this, he served for over a decade as regional coordinator for R-10.
Shiban is recipient of numerous awards including Indian National Science Academy (INSA) Young Scientist Award (1986); Top Invention Award (1991) of the National Research Development Council (NRDC) for his contributions to the indigenous development of ferrite phase shifter technology; VASVIK Award (1994) for the development of Ka-band components and phase shifters; Ram Lal Wadhwa Gold Medal (1995) from IETE; Academic Excellence Award (1998) from Indian Government for his pioneering contributions to phase control module development for Rajendra Radar; Shri Om Prakash Bhasin Award (2009) in the field of Electronics and Information Technology; VASVIK Award (2012) for the contributions made to the area of information, communication Technology (ICT); Teaching Excellence Award (2012) fromIIT Delhi; Award for contributions made to the growth of smart materials technology (2012) by Institute of SmartMaterials and Systems(ISSS) Bangalore; MN Saha Memorial Award (2013) from IETE, IEEE MTT Society Distinguished Educator Award (2014) and Lifetime Achievement Award-2023 from the IETE, India. His name has recently been included in the “Year 2021” category of Scopus Elsevier, recognizing him as one of the top 2% of scientists. Email: [email protected]