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Notes
1. For more information on the Southern African Migration Project (SAMP), and to access the media data base on line, see www.queensu.ca/samp. Files since 1996 only are on-line. Clippings prior to this are in hard copy only and are available for viewing at the SAMP offices.
2. In 1995 it was estimated that 10 to 15 million South African adults were functionally illiterate. Rural Africans had the highest illiteracy rates (at over 80 per cent), but a surprising 40 per cent of whites could not read at a Standard Five level (statistics are from a Harvard/University of Cape Town study undertaken in 1995 as reported in the Mail & Guardian, June 2, 1995). In Zambia illiteracy rates for women are as high as 30 per cent (International Monetary Fund Citation2000). Zimbabwe has the best literacy record in the region but illiteracy remains a problem in rural areas.
3. This figure refers to the period July 2001 to June 2002 as distinct from actual circulation figures. Data sourced from the South African Advertising Research Foundation: (http://www.saarf.co.za/topnews.htm). The data does not include the tabloid Sunday Sun or its daily counterpart Daily Sun or the subsequently launched daily This Day.
4. Letters to the editor are not direct reflections of a newspaper's attitude towards migration, but were included in the sample because they do reflect editorial decisions about what should be printed in the paper – particularly when the letters are extremely negative and xenophobic (as many of them are). Nevertheless, a relatively small portion of the sample were letters to the editor and would not skew the general findings either way.
5. See for example, The Star, April 30, 2002; SAPA, April 30, 2002; Mail & Guardian, April 25, 2002.
6. Sunday World, April 30, 2002.
7. See Sapa, April 16, 22 and 23, 2002. The Star, April 23, 2002.
8. Interview with Jenny Parsley, August 25, 2004.
9. For a full record of immigration policymaking in South Africa and interventions by various organisations see the SAMP website at http://www.queensu.ca/samp.
10. Business Day, December 23, 2002; Financial Mail, July 9, 2004; February 18, 2005.
11. Business Day, May 21 and 23, 2002; February 24, 2005; Business Report, May 30, 2002.
12. Sunday Times, May 12 and 26, 2002; Business Day, May 20 and 31, 2002; Business Report, May 28, 2002.
13. The Herald, February 20, 2001; September 10, 2002.
14. Daily News, February 24, 2002; February 24, 2005; Zimbabwe Independent, May 3, 2002.
15. Sapa–AFP, February 28, 2002.
16. The Herald, February 20, 2002.
17. Daily News, February 28, May 23, 2002; Financial Gazette, July 15, 2002; The Independent, August 9, 2002
18. Botswana Gazette, May 8 and 22, 2002; June 19, 2002; BOPA, May 27, 2002.
19. BOPA, May 8, 2002; August 5 and 19, December 31, 2002; Mmegi, August 16–22, 2002; Botswana Gazette, July 31, 2002
20. Mmegi, November 13, 2000.
21. Mmegi, October 20, 2000.
22. BOPA, May 28, 2002; June 3, 2002; July 8, 2002; Mmegi, February 5, 2004.
23. The Namibian, September 14, 2000; October 5 and 10, 2000; June 19, 2002; December 17, 2004; January 28, 2005.
24. The Namibian, October 4, 2000.
25. The Namibian, June 28, 2002; January 31, 2005.
26. Zamnet, June 21, 2002; Sapa–APA, June 13, 2002; Zambia Daily Mail, November 23, 2004.
27. Sapa–APA, April 22, 2002; The Post, April 10, June 4, 2002; Zambia Daily Mail, July 5, September 19, 2000.