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ABSTRACT
The period of democratisation known as the Third Wave resulted in widespread democratisation in diverse parts of the world. In this study we use data from the World Values Survey to measure five dimensions of active citizenship (considered important for democracy) in four countries of the Third Wave: Chile, Poland, South Africa and South Korea. We compare the Third Wave countries with two consolidated democracies (Germany and Sweden) as well as one unique case study (Turkey). We find that the oldest democracies tend to record high levels of participation as well as high levels of trust and tolerance. The newer democracies often have moderate to high scores as well, but still face various obstacles. Turkey faces the most challenges to active citizenship and democratic consolidation as it most often recorded low levels of participation and low levels of trust and tolerance.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Notes
1 The same cases constitute part of a larger research project conducted by the Transformation Research Unit (TRU). The interdisciplinary TRU research team is located in globally diverse cultural regions and pursues quality research on democracy.