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Abstract
This contribution aims to illustrate Claudio Naranjo's approach to meditation from the point of view of modern cognitive neuroscience and psychology. After a short historical introduction on meditation, we briefly describe the main forms of meditation and the psychological and neurobiological effects of mindfulness meditation. The contribution continues with a description of the characteristics of meditation in pairs and with music and with a discussion of the relationship between meditation and personality, within and beyond the psychology of the enneagram. Claudio Naranjo's ideas about the role of meditation in personal growth are also discussed.