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Research Articles

The republican Manuel de Arriaga – ‘the people’s representative’

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Pages 153-158 | Received 16 Oct 2023, Accepted 20 Nov 2023, Published online: 20 Dec 2023
 

ABSTRACT

Poet, teacher, and parliamentarian (1882–1892–1911), Manuel de Arriaga (1840–1917) was also Vice-Chancellor of the University of Coimbra and President of the Portuguese Republic. He stood up for democratic principles and he cultivated dialogue and republican values. His thought and actions reflect the ideas of federal republicanism, philosophical eclecticism, secular spiritualism, scientism, and a critique of positivism. His fellow party members remembered him as a leader, a political player, and a politician of the people. As a parliamentarian, he discussed relevant issues such as education and teaching, electoral reform, constitutional reform, penal reform, foreign policy, and regional problems. His parliament speeches highlight his skills as a ‘fighter for the Republic’.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Notes

1 J.G.R. Leite, ‘Manuel de Arriaga como Presidente da República ou a missão impossível’, in O Tempo de Manuel de Arriaga (Lisbon, 2004), pp. 343–50. (Later references: O Tempo).

2 S.C. Matos, ‘Apresentação do Colóquio’, in O Tempo, p. 23. (Later references: ‘Apresentação’). M.M.T. Ribeiro, ‘Manuel de Arriaga: A Questão Inglesa’, in C.E.P. Amaral, M.C. Pimentel, B. Pimentel, and R. Epifânio (coords.), Os Irmãos Arriaga. Filosofia, História e Literatura (Lisbon, 2021), pp. 136–48.

3 Matos, ‘Apresentação’, pp. 24–5.

4 J. Medina, ‘Manuel de Arriaga. O Rei Lear da República’, in O Tempo, p. 70.

5 E.B. Lobo, À volta do Chiado, 1902, pp. 62 e 95. Apud S.C. Matos, ‘Memória e esquecimento do Primeiro Presidente da República’, in O Tempo, p. 139. (Later references: Matos, ‘Memória e esquecimento’).

6 Matos, ‘Memória e esquecimento’, p. 140.

7 S.C. Matos e J.G. de Freitas (orgs.), Correspondência política de Manuel de Arriaga (Lisbon, 2004), pp. 35–6; S.C. Matos e C. Rufino (orgs.), Manuel de Arriaga. Intervenções Parlamentares (Lisbon, 2017); N. Veríssimo, ‘Manuel de Arriaga o Deputado do Povo (1882–1884)’, Revista Islenha 4 (1989) and ‘Manuel de Arriaga, Deputado pelo Funchal (1882–1884)’, in O Tempo, pp. 315–27.

8 Collecção de respostas dadas ao questionario sobre a reforma da instrucção secundaria que foi mandado publicar por portaria de 4 de Novembro de 1876 (Lisboa, 1877), p. 9. (Later references: Collecção de respostas).

9 Collecção de respostas, p. 16.

10 Diário da Câmara dos Deputados, Sessão de 5 de Março de 1883, vol. Jan.-Março (Lisbon, 1883), p. 675. (Later references: Diário da Câmara).

11 Diário da Câmara, Sessão de 17 de Março de 1883, p. 804. Cf. Á. Adão, ‘Educação e ensino na acção política de Manuel de Arriaga’, in O Tempo, p. 204.

12 Carta de Manuel de Arriaga a Cláudia Campos, Lisbon, 27 June 1901.

13 Carta de Manuel de Arriaga a Virgínia de Castro e Almeida, Belém, 2 October 1920.

14 M. de Arriaga, Cantos Sagrados (Lisbon, 1899), p. 151.

15 M. de Arriaga, Harmonias Sociaes: o problema humano e a futura organisação social (no debute da sua phase definitiva): a paz dos povos (Horta, 2010), p. 306.

16 M.V. Ferreira, ‘Manuel de Arriaga Jurista’, in O Tempo, p. 223. (Later references: Ferreira, ‘Manuel de Arriaga’).

17 Diário da Câmara dos Senhores Deputados, Sessão Legislativa de 1884 (Lisbon, 1884), pp. 496–503, 661, 719. Apud Ferreira, ‘Manuel de Arriaga’, p. 224.

18 M. de Arriaga, Diário da Câmara, Sessão de 5 de Fevereiro, pp. 221–3.

19 Ferreira, ‘Manuel de Arriaga’, p. 226.

20 M. de Arriaga, Harmonias Sociais. O problema humano e a futura organização social (no debate da sua fase definitiva). A Paz dos Povos (Coimbra, 1907), p. 37. Veja-se J.G. de Freitas, ‘Ecos do pensamento europeu no ideário social e político de Manuel de Arriaga’, in O Tempo, pp. 291–327 and Manuel de Arriaga: percurso intelectual e político de um republicano histórico (1840–1917) (Lisbon, 2011). (Later references: Freitas, ‘Ecos do Pensamento’).

21 Freitas, ‘Ecos do pensamento’, pp. 291–313.

Additional information

Funding

This work is funded by national funds through the FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the project UIDB/00460/2020.

Notes on contributors

Maria Manuela Tavares Ribeiro

Maria Manuela Tavares Ribeiro, PhD in history, retired Full Professor in Contemporary History at the Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra [Faculty of Letters, University of Coimbra], Scientific Coordinator of CEIS20, Coimbra, Portugal (2007-11), Researcher at CEIS20 Group – Europeísmo, Atlanticidade e Mundialização. Associate member of the Academy of Science, of the Academy of History, Lisbon, of the International Academy of Portuguese Culture, of the Iberian Studies Center, of the European Community Studies, Association and Contemporary History Network, International Commission for the History of Representative and Parliamentary Institutions. Her main research interests are in the history of ideas, cultural history, and the history of Europe as an idea.

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