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Abstract
The governance structure of the 2012 Olympic Games illustrates characteristics of ‘regulatory capitalism’ in which government awards an initial contract to deliver a project to a private-sector umbrella organisation. To deliver the 2012 Games, the London Organising Committee for the Olympic and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) is estimated to have awarded over 75,000 (sub)contracts to private companies. The government’s ability to make political interventions after an initial contract is awarded is sacrificed to maximise the likelihood of the project being delivered on time. This paper shows how, as a consequence of this structure, the separation of the delivery of the Games from its volunteer legacy responsibilities prevented the adoption of a strategy for generating more community volunteers from the Games. It prevented synergy being maximised between LOCOG’s Games Maker programme and Sport England’s Sport Maker programme, which aimed to generate 40,000 new sport volunteers. Further, legal protection of the sponsor’s interests prevented Olympic events such as the torch relay, and even certain words, being employed by local government to promote sports participation. A further consequence of LOCOG’s status as a private company has been the restrictions imposed by the ‘non-disclosure agreement’ its employees and contractors were required to sign, which has limited a knowledge transfer legacy – a liberty cost of regulatory capitalism. Delivery by regulatory capitalism is shown to have had significant hidden costs in relation to legacy aspirations with implications for future mega-sports events such as the 2014 Commonwealth Games.
2012年奥运会的治理结构特征说明 “监管资本主义”中，政府和一系列的私人组织签订了合同。在2012年奥运会中，伦敦奥组委为奥运会和残奥会已颁发了超过75,000（子）与私人公司的合约 。在这些合同签订后，政府的干预阻碍了计划的顺利实施。 本文揭示了，这种体制的结果是怎样阻碍了志愿者协会的发展从而阻碍奥运社区成立更多的志愿者协会。它可以防止伦敦奥组委和英格兰体育厂的 商协同作用被最大化，从而产生40,000个新的运动志愿者。此外， 法律对赞助商利益的保护阻碍了类似火炬传递的奥运事件，甚至进一步，受雇于当地政府推动体育参与。伦敦奥组委作为一个私人组织，已经被曝光与员工签订“保密协议”，阻碍了知识转移，增加监管资本主义的自由成本。相对于传统，交货资本主义被证明具有的有显著的隐性成本，对这些成本的研究为以后的大型体育赛事有帮助，例如2014英联邦运动会。