The influence of pre-warming on the physiological responses to prolonged intermittent exercise

Abstract

To examine the influence of pre-warming on the physiological responses to prolonged intermittent exercise in ambient temperatures of 21.5 ± 0.6°C and relative humidities of 35.7 ± 5.4% (mean ± s), six healthy men performed intermittent treadmill running (30-s bouts at 90% of maximal oxygen uptake separated by 30-s static recovery periods) to exhaustion after active pre-warming, passive pre-warming and pre-exercise rest (control). Exercise time to exhaustion was significantly different between all conditions (active, 51.8 ± 7.2 min; passive, 38.5 ± 11.1 min; control, 72.0 ± 17.2 min; P  < 0.05). These changes in performance time were closely associated with a significant decline in both the rate of heat storage and heat storage capacity (P  < 0.05). Rectal temperature, heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion were significantly higher during exercise in the two pre-warming conditions than in the control condition (P  < 0.05). Ratings of perceived exertion were also significantly higher during exercise following passive pre-warming compared with active pre-warming (P  < 0.05). During exercise there were no significant differences in serum prolactin, plasma norepinephrine and plasma free fatty acid concentrations between conditions. We conclude that both active and passive pre-warming promote a reduction in prolonged intermittent exercise capacity in environmental temperatures of 21°C compared with pre-exercise rest. These performance decrements were dependent upon the mode of pre-warming and closely reflected alterations in body heat content.

Keywords:

• Exhaustion
• heat storage capacity
• pre-warming

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Department of Pathology, Middlesbrough General Hospital, for assistance in the analysis of blood-borne substrates, and Middlesbrough Football Club for funding the current research project.