How can novel task constraints be used to induce acute changes in gaze behaviour?

Abstract

Quiet eye (QE) is a robust phenomenon in golf putting and expert players frequently demonstrate longer QE periods (i.e., the final fixation prior to the onset of the putting motion) relative to their less-skilled counterparts. In this experiment we used a pre-test/post-test design to determine whether we could use novel training aids and instructions to elicit acute changes in QE behaviour after a brief intervention. Three techniques were used: a marker under the ball, a hole-focus instruction, and a novel putting device – the putting box of science (PBoS). We compared gaze behaviour before and after 30 practice putts and found significant changes in QE duration in the absence of concomitant changes in putting performance. The control (−18 ms) and PBoS (+198 ms) groups did not change, the hole-focus group (−287 ms) had a decrease in QE duration, and the marker group (+366 ms) increased in QE duration. These finding are discussed relative to current QE training programs and the implications for development of evidence-based training aids with coach consultation.

Keywords:

• eye movements
• quiet eye
• perceptual training
• golf
• putting

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Ashlee Gersbach-Seib for her assistance with data collection, the PGA of Australia for providing the facilities for testing and all of the golfers for taking the time to participate.