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ABSTRACT
This study re-evaluated the magnitude of hand propulsion (HP) in the pull and push phases of the front crawl stroke and investigated the association between the angular velocity of shoulder roll (ωSR) and hand propulsive lift (HPL). ωSR was computed in the plane normal to a forward direction for 16 skilled swimmers performing the front crawl stroke at a maximal sprinting pace. HP, hand propulsive drag (HPD) and HPL were determined by a dynamic pressure approach. HP and HPD in the pull phase were greater than in the push phase (P < 0.05) while HPL in the pull phase was similar to that in the push phase. Eleven swimmers out of the 16 swimmers had a significant within-swimmers correlation between ωSR and HPL in the push phase (P < 0.05). That is, HPL increased in the push phase as the ωSR of rolling back to the neutral position became faster. A swimmer should use more drag for hand propulsion in the pull phase and propulsion from drag and lift equally in the push phase. Based on the relationship between ωSR and HPL in the push phase, a possible stroke technique to enhance HPL using ωSR is discussed.
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Dr Barry Wilson, Auckland University of Technology, for providing helpful suggestions on the manuscript and to Mr Flex Chia, Republic Polytechnic, for providing art work and to Dr Yasushi Ikuta, Osaka Kyoiku Univeristy, and Dr Hiroshi Ichikawa, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, for supporting the measurements in the present study and to Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and Republic Polytechnic for financially supporting this research.
Disclosure statement
The authors have no conflict of interest to the manuscript entitled “Relationship between shoulder rotation and hand propulsion in the front crawl stroke”.