Effects of noise-cancelling headphones on music experience during aerobic exercise

ABSTRACT

Exercise psychology researchers have repeatedly demonstrated the positive effects of music on exercise performance and affective responses. However, the impact of ambient noise (i.e., any environmental and/or bodily sound interference) on psychological responses to music during aerobic exercise has not been thoroughly examined. To test the effects of ambient noise, participants were randomly assigned to either a control group or one of two experimental groups (music with or without noise-cancelling features). Participants completed the Balke and Ware Treadmill Exercise Test until voluntary exhaustion. Measures of attentional focus and perceived exertion were taken every minute during the test. A significant main effect of group on attentional focus was observed, indicating that participants in the control group experienced more associative thoughts when compared to the experimental groups (η_p² = .15). No significant differences were observed across conditions for any other dependent variable. Accordingly, it appears reasonable to postulate that the attentional shifts caused by interoceptive sensory cues may have a more pronounced influence on movement execution than the presence/absence of ambient noise and/or music.

KEYWORDS:

• Affect
• attention
• auditory perception
• noise
• physical exertion

Acknowledgments

Thank you to Jessenia Otalora, Sophia Sires, Anamaria Astudillo, Blanca Palomino, and Kalimah Small who assisted with data collection for this study and Ekaterina Oparina who assisted with final formatting.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from fundingagencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.