Distributed generation: a Panama perspective of regulatory challenges

Abstract

This article presents an overview of the structure of Panama's electricity sector, a general review of the rules that have been adopted in the field of distributed generation, as well as those aspects that today represent regulatory challenges and prospective solutions to these issues. Aspects will be analysed related to legal limitations regarding: the sale of energy to customers, the displacement of conventional generation, and commercial aspects related to the recognition of costs in the electricity distribution activity, including the effects on distribution companies and customers.

Keywords:

• distributed generation
• self-consumption
• electricity sector

Notes

1 Resolution AN No 5046, Annex A: Specific Regulations for Self-Generation and Cogeneration Activities (2011).

2 Resolution AN No 8171, Annex A: Regulation of Self-supply for Customers of the Electrical Sector (2014).

3 Resolution 2060, Annex 1: Procedure for the Interconnection of Small Photovoltaic Systems (2008).

4 Resolution 5399, Annex A: Connection of Particular Power Plants of Renewable and Clean Power Supplies of up to 500 kW (2012).

5 Resolution 10206, Annex B: Procedure for Self-consumption with New, Renewable and Clean Sources (2016).

6 Alberto Vargas and others, ‘Latin American Energy Markets: Investments Opportunities in Nonconventional Renewables’ (2016) 14(5) IEEE Power Energy Magazine 38 http://magazine.ieee-pes.org/september-october-2016.