Associations of pelvic floor dysfunction and postnatal mental health: a systematic review

ABSTRACT

Background

Postpartum mental health conditions are common and can have devastating effects for both mother and infant. Adverse birth outcomes increase the risk of postnatal mental health conditions. Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a common adverse pregnancy outcome that may be a risk factor for postnatal mental health conditions. There are many studies reporting associations between PFD and postnatal mental health conditions, but no reports have synthesised the current literature as it relates to pregnancy and the postpartum period.

Methods

A research librarian conducted systematic literature searches using terms concerning PFD, postnatal mental health conditions, and pregnancy. Searches were conducted within PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Scopus. Two reviewers independently rated each study for inclusion and study quality. No studies were excluded based on quality.

Results

A total of 47 studies were included for review. Articles addressed sexual dysfunction (n = 11), incontinence (n = 21), perineal laceration (n = 13), pelvic organ prolapse (n = 2), and general pelvic floor symptoms (n = 2) and associations with postnatal mental health conditions. Two articles addressed more than one type of PFD. The majority (44 studies) reported associations between PFD and adverse postnatal mental health conditions.

Discussion

Most studies included for review found consistent associations between PFD and adverse mental health conditions. Healthcare providers should screen for PFD and postnatal mental health conditions early in the postpartum period. Future research should investigate whether the treatment of PFD can modify the associations between PFD and postnatal mental health conditions.

KEYWORDS:

• Pelvic floor dysfunction
• postnatal mental health
• postpartum mental health
• postpartum depression
• maternal health

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Author contribution statement

Lisa VanWiel: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal Analysis, Writing-Original Draft, Visualization, Project Administration Mackenzie Unke: Formal Analysis, Writing-Review & Editing Riley J. Samuelson: Investigation, Resources Kara M. Whitaker: Writing- Review & Editing, Methodology, Supervision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript prior to submission.

Supplemental material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2024.2314720