Migration from can coatings: Part 1. A size-exclusion chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of overall migration and migrating substances below 1000 Da

Abstract

The Council of Europe Resolution on coatings suggests a limit of 10 mg dm⁻² for the sum of substances migrating into food simulants from an internal can coating. The Scientific Committee on Food differentiates the migrants into the substances with a molecular weight below 1000 Da, potentially being of toxicological concern, and the less toxicologically relevant species above 1000 Da. Hitherto, the determination of overall migration was based on a gravimetric method. A new method is described for the simultaneous determination of both overall migration and the migration of substances below 1000 Da based on separation by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) followed by ultraviolet detection (UVD) and evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD). The method is suitable for all volatile extraction media and simulants recommended by the European Union. For statistical comparison of both methods, the slightly modified reference method was validated in-house and extended to an additional gravimetric measurement of the migrants below 1000 Da. For the determination of the overall migration, both methods provided similar reproducibility (validated gravimetry: standard deviation (SD) = 0.16 mg dm⁻²; SEC-ELSD/UVD: SD = 0.12 mg dm⁻²) but significantly better results were obtained by the SEC-ELSD/UVD method. For migrating substances below 1000 Da, the gravimetric determination provides a poor sensitivity (limit of detection = 0.35 mg dm⁻²) compared with the SEC-ELSD/UVD method (limit of detection = 0.04 mg dm⁻²). The new method offers a lower limit of detection and higher precision as well as being less time consuming and easier to use.

Keywords:

• can coatings
• overall migration
• migrating substances below 1000 Da
• gravimetry
• size exclusion chromatography
• evaporative light scattering detector

Acknowledgements

The study was supported financially by Valspar. The HPLC-ESI-MSD was provided by the German Armed Forces. The authors thank Guy Lucain for assistance during validation of the SEC-ELSD/UVD method and Peter Oldring for coordinating the migration project.