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Abstract
A total of 19 pesticide preparations were used according to agricultural practice in six trials in apple orchards. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), premature Golden Delicious apples collected 64, 50, 36 days before harvest and mature fruit were examined for residues of active ingredients. No residues of triflumuron, triazamate, chlorpyrifos, etofenprox, fenoxycarb, kresoxim-methyl, cyprodinyl, difenoconazole or thiram were detected in the first sampling. Also, the levels of chlorpyrifos-methyl, penconazole, tebuconazole and tolylfluanid dropped during the pre-harvest interval. Detectable residues of pyridaben, thiacloprid, trifloxystrobin and tetraconazole in harvested fruits were below 0.01 mg kg−1, which is the maximum concentration of residues acceptable by baby-food producers in any raw material. The only residues exceeding this concentration were captan and teflubenzuron. Based on the data, farmers can choose pesticides for optimal treatment of plants, while enabling growth of a safe crop suitable for baby-food production.
Acknowledgements
Supports provided by the project NAZV 1G46073 and Royal Numico NV company represented by Dr. Pavel Hejzlar for realization and funding of presented field study, and by the project MSM 604 613 75 05 (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic) for financing of development and implementation of multiresidue method are gratefully acknowledged.