Toxicology of sulphiting agents I: Animal studies

Abstract

Oral toxicity studies of sulphite in animals are briefly reviewed. On the basis of a chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study of sodium metabisulphite in rats JECFA established an ADI of 0.7 mg SO₂/kg using a safety factor of 100. The effects of sodium metabisulphite (1% Na₂S₂O₅) on the composition of semi‐purified rat diets during storage for at least three months have been studied. Under these conditions sulphite induced rancid off‐flavours in diets containing unsaturated fats. The feeding of such stored sulphited‐diets to rats resulted in growth retardation and diminished food efficiency. The extractability of the lipids from these diets was markedly reduced. Extraction with hexane, followed by ethanol extraction did not remove the toxic factor(s). It was suggested that sulphite in stored semi‐purified diets may react with unsaturated fats leading to the formation of polymers of unsaturated fatty acids and/or other toxic substances. It is recommended that special attention is paid to the fatty acid composition of sulphited foods to be stored.

Keywords:

• sulphiting agents
• sodium metabisulphite
• oral toxicity
• rat
• pig
• quail
• ADI
• stored diets
• unsaturated fats