Compositional analysis of samples of thermoset polyester and migration of ethylbenzene and styrene from thermoset polyester into pork during cooking

Abstract

The levels of ethylbenzene, styrene, benzene and benzaldehyde in samples of thermoset polyester were determined by dynamic headspace/gas chromatography. Styrene was present at levels from 50 to 1400 mg kg⁻¹, ethylbenzene up to 25 mg kg⁻¹ and benzaldehyde up to 180 mg kg⁻¹. Benzene levels were usually less than 1 mg kg⁻¹, but one article contained 19 mg kg ⁻¹. Levels of styrene dimers and trimers were estimated using size exclusion chromatography followed by gas chromatographic (GC) analysis and were present at approximately 100 mg kg⁻¹ and 700 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. The principal identified constituents of solvent extracts were stearic and palmitic acids, present at a combined level of nearly 1% by weight of the plastic. Styrene was shown to be produced by thermal depolymerization at temperatures of 175°C and above. The migration of ethylbenzene and styrene into belly pork cooked in thermoset polyester dishes for 1.5 h at 175°C was measured by Likens‐Nickerson extraction of the cooked meat and GC/MS analysis of the extracts. Migration ranged from 6 to 2400 μg kg⁻¹ for styrene and from < 6 to 34 μg kg⁻¹ for ethylbenzene.

Keywords:

• thermoset polyester
• migration
• dual‐ovenable
• dynamic headspace analysis