A two-step machine learning approach to predict S&P 500 bubbles

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we are interested in predicting the bubbles in the S&P 500 stock market with a two-step machine learning approach that employs a real-time bubble detection test and support vector machine (SVM). SVM as a nonparametric binary classification technique is already a widely used method in financial time series forecasting. In the literature, a bubble is often defined as a situation where the asset price exceeds its fundamental value. As one of the early warning signals, prediction of bubbles is vital for policymakers and regulators who are responsible to take preemptive measures against the future crises. Therefore, many attempts have been made to understand the main factors in bubble formation and to predict them in their earlier phases. Our analysis consists of two steps. The first step is to identify the bubbles in the S&P 500 index using a widely recognized right-tailed unit root test. Then, SVM is employed to predict the bubbles by macroeconomic indicators. Also, we compare SVM with different supervised learning algorithms by using k-fold cross-validation. The experimental results show that the proposed approach with high predictive power could be a favourable alternative in bubble prediction.

Keywords:

• Bubbles
• early warning
• machine learning
• support vector machines
• macroeconomic indicators

Acknowledgments

The authors thank to the Associate Editor and the anonymous Reviewers for their valuable suggestions and corrections.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.