https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4079-4637
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ABSTRACT
The Ayalon route is an infrastructural corridor serving as the principal northern and southern entrance to the city of Tel Aviv-Jaffa, bundling together multi-lane expressway, railway tracks, and a flood regulation canal. Its planning history, changing from a meandering seasonal river to Israel busiest traffic route, was a lengthy and incremental process, generating several plans by different planning agencies with different ambitions. Since the inception of the idea to implement a highway on what was described as ‘natural opening’ – the beds of the Ayalon (Musrara) river, this area became a landscape of opportunity, inciting social imagination among urban planners, municipal and national officials who used the road as an organizing device for the development of the city and the nation. This historical research explores the co-production of urban planning and transportation planning, not as rivalling forces but as coproducing processes.
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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Notes
1 “The Public Committee for Tel Aviv Jaffa Master Plan – Protocols Summary”, box no. 391, file 61, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Municipal Historical Archive.
2 See: Brook and Jarvis, “Trying to Close the Loop.”
3 Ladd, Autophobia.
4 Amado, Voiture Minimum.
5 DiMento and Ellis, Changing Lanes; Gutfreund, Twentieth-Century Sprawl; Petroski, The Road Taken; Norton, Fighting Traffic; Saumarez Smith, Boom Cities.
6 Gutfreund, Twentieth-Century Sprawl; Kunstler, Geography of Nowhere; Petroski, The Road Taken; Zipp, Manhattan Project.
7 Larkin, “The Politics and Poetics of Infrastructure”; Deboulet, “Urban Highways as an Embodiment of Mega and Elite Projects”; Cody, “Exporting American Architecture”.
8 Jacobs, The Death and Life; Mumford, The Highway and the City; Caro, The Power Broker; Berman, All that is Solid.
9 See DiMento and Ellis, Changing Lanes; Canna, “A Battle in Three Rounds”; and especially Kemp, “Aesthetes and Engineers”.
10 On the anti-highway movement, see Crockett, People before Highways.
11 Picon, “Urban Infrastructure, Imagination and Politics.”
12 Ibid., 265.
13 “Ayalon River”, June 24, 1952, box no. 2548 file 04, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Municipal Historical Archive.
14 On Geddes’s idea of region-city see: Welter Biopolis and others. On Geddes plan for Tel Aviv, see: Kallus, “Patrick Geddes”; Hysler-Rubin, Patrick Geddes and Town Planning, Chapter 12.
15 Sharon, Physical Planning in Israel.
16 Israel State Archives: ISA-mof-AccountGenereal-000lsw7.
17 Marom, City of Concept: Planning Tel Aviv, 210.
18 Ben Sira, Tel Aviv’s Traffic Problems, protocol from the 16th City Engineers symposium Tel Aviv-Yaffo, dated 15/05/1950, box no. 2791, file 4, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Municipal Historical Archive.
19 Yediot Tel Aviv-Yafo: Monthly Official Organ of the Tel-Aviv-Yafo Municipality, vol. XXII, 1954.
20 On Central Business Districts in urban geography, see: Murphy, The Central Business District.
21 Troen, “Establishing a Zionist Metropolis.”
22 Feitelson, “The Development of Transport Infrastructure in Israel.”
23 See: Wilkof, “New Towns, New Nation.”
24 Ministry of Transport, Israel Transportation Sector, 72–4.
25 Bruzkus, “Critique of the Conclusion of the French Consultant Group Transportation Survey”, 1966. ISA-MOIN-InteriorPlans-0003vye.
26 B.C.E.O.M. and S.E.T.E.C, Economic Transportation Survey.
27 Ibid., Appendix 10, 14.
28 Aleksandrowicz, “Paper Boundaries”; Aleksandrowicz, “The Camouflage of War”; Hatuka and Kallus, “Loose Ends”; Nitzan-Shiftan, “The Architecture of the Hyphen.”
29 “Manshiya – an architectural symposium on the plan”, Tvai, (number 4, 1967).
30 Achuzot Ha-Chof Ltd., “Manshiah Shore Development, Avant Project.”
31 Marom, City of Concept, 302–3.
32 Tvai, (number 4, 1967); Nitzan-Shiftan, “The Architecture of the Hyphen.”
33 Buchanan and Great Britain Ministry of Transport, Traffic in Towns, 40.
34 Gunn, “The Buchanan Report.”
35 Buchanan and Partners, “Tel Aviv Yafo Master Plan – Interim Advisory Report # 3.”
36 Hashimshoni, Tel Aviv Yaffo Master Plan, 20.
37 Buchanan and Great Britain Ministry of Transport, Traffic in Town, 44.
38 The Public Committee for Tel Aviv Jaffa Master Plan – Protocols Summary, 13.
39 Ibid., 8.
40 ISA-mot-Minister-000xwz5.
41 On the CATS, see: McDonald, “The First Chicago Area Transportation Study.”
42 Leisch, “New Concepts in Rail-Bus Interchange.”
43 Leisch, Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area Highway Transportation Plan (Part I), 1.
44 Leisch, Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area Highway Transportation Plan (Part II), 11.
45 Interview with David Serana, Tel Aviv, February 12, 2017.
46 Bruno, Crisis, Stabilization, and Economic Reform; Krampf, The Israeli Path to Neoliberalism.
47 See Ram, “Jerusalem, Tel Aviv and the Bifurcation of Israel”; Nitzan-Shiftan, “Whitewashed Houses.”
48 Mazor, “Direction in Planning Tel Aviv.”
49 Municipality of Tel Aviv Yafo, “Tel Aviv Shalom Center.”
50 Ibid.
51 Picon, “Urban Infrastructure, Imagination and Politics,” 265.
52 Ibid., 268.
53 Larkin, “The Politics and Poetics of Infrastructure.”
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Notes on contributors
Neta Feniger
Dr Neta Feniger received her Ph.D. in architecture at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. Her research interests include transnational architecture and landscape architecture in the postwar era, the role of architecture and landscape architecture in technopolitics and development projects, and modern rural planning.
Roy Kozlovsky
Dr Roy Kozlovsky is the Interim Chair of the Azrieli School of Architecture, Tel Aviv University, Israel. He received his Ph.D. in theory and history of architecture at Princeton University. His research interests include architecture and labor, the architecture of childhood, and landscape infrastructure.