V. Implications of the Government–Defence Industry Relationship

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size

Notes

¹ See Sean O'Keefe and Gerald I Susman (eds), The Defense Industry in the Post-Cold War Era: Corporate Strategies and Public Policy Perspectives (New York, NY: Pergamon, 1998).

² For an extensive discussion of this point see Aerospace Industries Association, ‘The Unseen Cost: Industrial base Consequences of Defense Strategy Choices’, July 2009.

³ See, in particular, MoD, National Security Through Technology: Technology, Equipment, and Support for UK Defence and Security, Cm 8278 (London: The Stationery Office, February 2012); see also the analysis of this document by the RUSI Acquisition Focus Group in RUSI Defence Systems (Vol. 14, No. 3, Spring 2012), pp.14–16.

⁴ Jacques S Gansler, Democracy's Arsenal: Creating a Twenty-First-Century Defence Industry (Boston, MA: MIT Press, 2011), p. 358.

⁵ See, for instance, Bernard Jenkin and George Grant, ‘The Tipping Point: British National Strategy and the UK's Future World Role’, Henry Jackson Society, July 2011; Alvin Toffler and Heidi Toffler, War and Anti-War: Survival at the Dawn of the 21^st Century (New York, NY: Little Brown, 1993); Pascal Bruckner and Steven Rendall, The Tyranny of Guilt: An Essay on Western Masochism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006).

⁶ See George Friedman, The Next Hundred Years: A Forecast for the Twenty-First Century (London: Allison & Busby Ltd, 2009).

⁷ Burkhard Schmitt (ed.), ‘Between Cooperation and Competition: The Transatlantic Defence Market’, Chaillot Paper No. 44, ISS-WEU, 2001.

⁸ See Stephen G Brooks, G John Ikenberry and William C Wohlforth, ‘Lean Forward: In Defense of American Engagement’, Foreign Affairs (January/February 2013); Trevor Taylor and John Louth, ‘What the Government Must Do in Defence Procurement’, RUSI Briefing Paper, October 2013.

⁹ This point was made by Pierre Chao in a speech he delivered to the US Industrial College of the Armed Forces on 2 June 2005, entitled ‘The Future of the US Defense Industrial Base: National Security Implications of a Globalized World’.

¹⁰ See Ethan B Kapstein, The Political Economy of National Security: A Global Perspective (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1991).

¹¹ See Malcolm Chalmers, ‘Mid-Term Blues? Defence and the 2013 Spending Review’, RUSI Briefing Paper, 2013.

¹² Gansler, Democracy's Arsenal, p. 346.

¹³ Whilst shadowing the activities of government is a massive task, oversight in this manner contributes towards the health of a system that has government as a constituent part.

¹⁴ The desirability of this characteristic was recognised by President Reagan in the 1980s when he issued the US National Security Decision Directive 189. This stated that research should be ‘open-booked’ and not protected. Unfortunately, despite the directive, this stance was never properly operationalised.

¹⁵ See Ministry of Defence, Better Defence Acquisition: Improving How We Procure and Support Defence Equipment, Cm 8626 (London: The Stationery Office, June 2013); RUSI Acquisition Focus Group, ‘The Defence Materiel Strategy and the GOCO Proposal for Abbey Wood’, RUSI Briefing Paper, July 2012.

¹⁶ ‘Better Buying Power Initiative 2.0’, speech by Frank Kendall, US undersecretary of defense for acquisition, technology and logistics, at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC, 14 November 2012.

¹⁷ See Henrik Heidenkamp, ‘Sustaining the UK's Defence Effort: Contractor Support to Operations Market Dynamics’, Whitehall Report 1–12 (April 2012).

¹⁸ See Richard Fontaine and John Nagl, ‘Contracting in Conflicts: The Path to Reform’, Center for a New American Security, June 2010; Heidenkamp, ‘Sustaining the UK's Defence Effort’; Christopher Kinsey, Private Contractors and the Reconstruction of Iraq (London: Routledge, 2009).

¹⁹ For a discussion on the dynamics of transformation and the practices of change management see John P Kotter, ‘Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail’, Harvard Business Review on Change (January 2007).

²⁰ DASA, ‘UK Defence Statistics Compendium’, 2012, <http://www.dasa.mod.uk/publications/UK-defence-statistics-compendium/2012/chapter-1-finance/chapter-1-finance.pdf>, accessed 8 October 2013.

²¹ Author interview with senior defence industrialists, London, 19 March 2013.