Pakistan’s inter-services intelligence directorate: covert action and internal operations

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Notes

1. After the USSR invaded Afghanistan in December 1979 the CIA worked with the ISI as the former had little direct contact with the Mujahadeen. The ISI therefore assumed a crucial role in aiding the Mujahadeen’s resistance efforts particularly favouring the most radical of the groups, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar’s Hezb-e Islami. Ensalaco, Middle Eastern Terrorism, 125.

2. Admiral Mullen stated that: With ISI support, Haqqani operatives planned and conducted [a] truck bomb attack, as well as the assault on our embassy … We also have credible evidence that they were behind the June 28th attack against the Intercontinental Hotel in Kabul and a host of other smaller but effective operations. Pakistan’s interior minister, Rehman Malik, specifically rejected US accusations of ISI involvement in the attacks in Afghanistan. ‘If you say that it is ISI involved in that attack, I categorically deny it … We have no such policy to attack or aid attack through Pakistani forces or through any Pakistani assistance.’ Bumiller and Perlez, New York Times.