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Review Article

From sigint to cyber: a hundred years of Britain’s biggest intelligence agency

Pages 910-917 | Published online: 18 Mar 2021
 

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes

1. Andrew, The Defence of the Realm; and Jeffery, MI6.

2. Ferris, Behind the Enigma, 304, 321, 714–5.

3. Phythian, “Profiles in Intelligence.”

4. Ferris, Intelligence and Strategy.

5. Ferris, Behind the Enigma, 29–66.

6. Ibid., 117.

7. Ibid. 163, 220–1.

8. Ferris, “Ralph Bennett and the study of Ultra.”; and Bennett, Intelligence Investigations.

9. Ratcliff, Delusions of Intelligence, 12–24.

10. Ferris, Behind the Enigma, 486.

11. Westad, The Global Cold War. On Sigint and the Global South see also Mainwaring, “Division D”; and Dymidiuk, “Rubicon and revelation.”

12. On social and organizational issues see also Grey, Decoding Organization, and Smith, The Hidden History of Bletchley Park.

13. Ferris, Behind the Enigma, 308.

14. For a good account of codebreakers and the early cold war see McKay, The Spies of Winter.

15. Easter, “Spying on Nasser.”

16. Freedman, The Official History of the Falklands Campaign, Vol. 1 & 2.

17. Ferris, Behind the Enigma, 620–2.

18. Ibid. 656–7.

19. Ibid., 502–549.

20. Ibid., 539–43.

21. Stephens, “Out of the Shadows.”

22. But see Nickles, Under the Wire; Headrick, the Invisible Weapon.

23. Ferris, Behind the Enigma, 322, 674, 676.

24. See the pioneering account offered by Twigge and Scott, Planning Armageddon.

25. Wilkinson, Secrecy and the Media; Jones, The Official History of the UK Strategic Nuclear Deterrent, Vols. 1 & 2.

26. Lomas, “Facing the Dictators.” Ferris has pursued this theme successfully elsewhere, see “Indulged in all Too Little’?”

27. Jeffery, MI6, 9–14.

28. Hughes, Murphy, and Davies, “The British Secret Intelligence Service, 1909–1949”; Goodman, “Writing the Official History”; Murphy, “The origins of SOE in France”; and Moran, Classified.

29. Volmers, “U of C professor takes a look.”

30. Ferris, Behind the Enigma, 680–1.

31. See note 29 above.

32. Ferris, Behind the Enigma, 499.

33. Ibid. 700.

34. Priest, “CIA Holds Terror Suspects in Secret Prisons.”

35. Hayden, Playing to the Edge, 36.

36. Goldsmith, Power and Constraint.

37. Preface to Ferris, Behind the Enigma, xii.

38. Anderson, Attacks in London and Manchester, 15.

39. Dobson, “The last forum of accountability?”

40. Goodman, The Official History of the Joint Intelligence Committee.

41. Many works could be cited, but see for example Cormac, Disrupt and Deny; Corera, Art of Betrayal; Davies, Davies, Intelligence and Government, Newbery, Interrogation; Smith, Six.

42. The USA, by contrast, has tended travel more down the director memoir route in search of public understanding, see Aldrich and Gaspard “Secrecy, Spooks and Ghosts.”

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Richard J. Aldrich

Richard J. Aldrich is Professor of International Security at the Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick, and is the author of several books including The Hidden Hand and GCHQ. His most recent books are The Black Door (2016) and The Secret Royals (2021) co-authored with Rory Cormac. Between 2016 and 2020 he was a Leverhulme Major Research fellow working on the future of secrecy. He is now assisting with the ERC ‘Demoseries’ and H2020 ‘DigiGen’ projects, together with the English Heritage ‘Blue Plaques’ programme.

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