Morphological variability and genetic marker stability of 16 monoclonal pennate diatom strains under medium-term culture

Abstract

Monoclonal diatom strains are the basis for integrative taxonomical studies combining molecular and morphological data for better taxonomic resolution and identification. The identification of diatoms, based on morphological features of the frustule, is difficult due to the variability of characters within and amongst species. The longer the cultivation time, the more cell size is reduced during asexual reproduction. Many divisions of the cell complicate identification as morphological characters of the frustule change at different rates in different taxa and teratologies can develop. Morphological variability raises the question whether the investigated genetic markers are stable over the cultivation time span. Sixteen monoclonal pennate diatom strains, identified as 10 different species in six genera, were cultivated for up to 18 or 24 months. It was shown that molecular data for the 18S-V4, rbcL, and psbA markers were stable for the entire cultivation time of all taxa. Images of the valves of the strains were taken every six months and examined morphometrically. Depending on the time since the start of the cultures, the morphological features showed high variability, particularly in length and shape, whereas width and number of striae, costae or fibulae were more stable, depending on the taxon and strain. A limited time span and good culture conditions seem to be prerequisite to avoid the production of teratological frustules. The results of parallel cultures in a unique experimental design are compared to observations from the literature dealing with single strains or special cognitive interests.

Keywords:

• character stability
• life cycle
• medium-term cultivation
• molecular marker variation
• morphological plasticity

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Jana Bansemer who prepared, maintained and organized the strains during the whole experiment. In this study, we used the psbA and rbcL primers, which had been designed by Prof. Dr. Birgit Gemeinholzer while implementing molecular methods at the Research Group Diatoms at the BGBM.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Supplemental data

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2022.2141346.

Additional information

Funding

Heba Mohamad gratefully acknowledges funding through a scholarship by the Heinrich Böll Stiftung [P139825]. Initial funding of the experiment was provided by the Friends of the BGBM.