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Acknowledgements
A preliminary version of this article was presented at the 2005 Collegiate Schools of Planning Conference in Kansas City, Missouri, USA. The authors are grateful for the comments received from the session discussant and delegates in this revised article. Guidance from the editor of this journal, Vincent Nadin, and observations provided by two anonymous referees have been very helpful.
Notes
1. The pentagon area stretches between North Yorkshire in England, Franche-Comte in France, Hamburg in northern Germany and Milan in northern Italy, covers 18% of the EU15 land area, and accounts for 41% of population, 48% of GDP and 75% of expenditure on R&D (European Commission, Citation2004, p. 27).
2. In Ireland, for example, 77% of national employment in internationally traded services is located within the Greater Dublin Area (Department of the Environment and Local Government, Citation2002, p. 14).
3. Isolated rural areas which are sparsely populated, have an ageing demographic structure, a poor infrastructure endowment, low level of services and a poorly skilled labour market are located largely in south west Portugal, north and north east Spain, central France, Scotland, Finland and Sweden (European Commission, Citation2004, p. 30).
4. As Waterhout (Citation2002) points out, polycentricity can be defined on the continental, national, regional, urban and peri-urban scales, in situations where the ESDP is dealing with functional relations among towns and rural areas, and as dealing with cooperation within metropolitan areas (p. 86).
5. INTERREG is an EU programme designed to facilitate cooperation between countries and regions as an element of EU cohesion policy. INTERREG 111 runs from 2000 to 2006. Strand A deals with cross-border development, Strand B promotes strategic cooperation at transnational level on spatial planning themes, Strand C assists cooperation and exchange of experiences between regions.
6. For more information about the SPAN project go to http://www.span-eu.org
7. There are two pilot territories in the Greater Dublin region with different organizational structures participating in SPAN. They are Southside Partnership in the Dun Laoghaire Rathdown County and Meath County Development Board.
8. For further information see www.ruralcommunitynetwork.org
9. This was ratified by the European Commission in 1995 following the paramilitary ceasefires in 1994. Its overall aim is to reinforce progress towards a peaceful and stable society and to promote reconciliation by increasing economic development and employment, promoting urban and rural regeneration, developing cross-border cooperation and extending social inclusion.
10. The Millennium Halls Programme of RCN is more fully detailed as a SPAN significant local development experience at www.qub.ac.uk/ep/research/span/resources.htm
11. Taken from Socio-economic and Demographic Profile of Southside Partnership Area (http://www.southsidepartnership.ie/reports.htm).
12. For a fuller discussion see Southside Partnership: A Record of Achievement—The First Ten Years 1995 – 2005.
13. For further information see: www.frw.be
14. This translates as the Foundation for Rural Renovation and Quality of Life for the South East of Belgium.
15. LEADER stands for Links between Actions for the Development of the Rural Economy. LEADER+ runs from 2000 to 2006. It builds on two previous rounds of funding and places emphasis on local development strategies to implement pilot projects around a select number of themes, for example, micro business formation.
16. This translates as Rural Development Municipal Programmes.
17. This translates as Agency for Town and Country Planning and Development of the Reims Region. This agency gathers together key stakeholders within its territory (elected representatives from territorial governance structures at local, department and regional scales, State civil servants, and sectoral and community interests) as a debating forum for the preparation of shared plans for its area. Planning and development activity covers strategic territorial planning, urban planning, and economic, social and cultural development. (See: www.aurr.asso.fr)
18. La Charte du Pays Remois: Identite Rurale dans une Strategie d'Alliances avec la Metropole Urbaine published in June 2004 by the Syndicat Intercommunal de'Etudes et de Programmation de la Region Urbaine de Reims (ISBN 2-952256-0-5).
19. Presidency of the Walloon Government (2002) Contract for the Future of Wallonia: A Civic Approach for a New Form of Governance.
20. Adapted from P. Healey (2002) Key phrase: territorial cohesion, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.