Acknowledgements
I would like to thank my interviewees Ken Hardeman, Tony Howell, Tim Manson and Mike Taylor from Birmingham City Council for their time and comments, Dr Mike Beazley for his valuable discussion, anonymous reviewers of the draft of this article and Helen Price who helped with the editing.
Notes
1. The Birmingham Unitary Development Plan (UDP) was adopted by the City Council and became operative in 1993. The City Council reviewed the UDP to roll forward the UDP period up to 2011. The UDP contains both the broad strategic policy direction and more detailed local planning and development policies and proposals necessary to guide and control development in the city. Thus, the City Council's objective in preparing the UDP has been to concentrate on the main policy strands and from these to create a framework that provide clear guidance for decision making on detailed land-use issues that will come forward over the UDP period.