Parasympathetic baroreflexes and heart rate variability during acute stage of sport concussion recovery

Abstract

Primary objective: To assess and compare the parasympathetic state of individuals in healthy vs concussion groups, by measuring cardiovascular metrics under resting and baroreflex conditions using a squat-stand manoeuvre.

Research design: This was a retrospective mixed-method study, with participants who sustained a medically diagnosed sport concussion (n = 12), being tested within 72-hours post-injury.

Methods and procedures: Participant’s heart rate (Electrocardiogram, ECG) and blood pressure (finger plethysmography) data was collected during rest and during 10-second squat-stands (10SS, 0.05 Hz). Blood pressure and heart rate standard deviation data was analysed in the 0–5 seconds and 6–10 seconds periods of squatting and standing. Resting and baroreflex ECG data were analysed via Fourier Transformations for %Low Frequency and %High Frequency (%LF and %HF).

Results: The control group alleviated more pressure and had a significantly higher standard deviation of heart rate during the 6–10 seconds of squatting (p < 0.05). Overall heart rate standard deviation in the concussion group was significantly lower than healthy controls when standing (p < 0.05). There were no differences in %LF and % HF between groups or between rest and 10SS.

Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence that autonomic function is dysregulated following mTBI within the initial 72 hours of injury.

Keywords:

• Concussion
• heart rate variability
• baroreflexes
• autonomic nervous system

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the contribution of Drs. Goodman, Bjornson, Bhambhani and Asmundson that contributed to the vision of this research. We also wish to thank all participants involved in this study.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. Funding was provided by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (JPN) and the Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation (JPN).