Influence of demographic factors and clinical status parameters on long-term neurological, psychological and vegetative outcome following traumatic brain injury

ABSTRACT

Primary Objective: We evaluated the neurologic, psychological and vegetative outcome, the health status and changes of the personal and occupational status of patients after traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Correlations between outcome parameters and basic demographic factors and initial clinical status parameters of the patients were assessed.

Research Design: Monocentric, retrospective follow-up analysis.

Methods and Procedures: We evaluated the neurologic, psychological and vegetative outcome and health status of patients, who survived TBI with a mean follow-up time of 54 months. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), Disability Rating Scale (DRS) and a questionnaire on Quality of Life were used for outcome measurement. The personal and occupational status, trauma-derived changes to that status and medical and demographic factors that have an impact on the health condition of patients after TBI were assessed.

Main Outcomes and Results: With a median GOS of 5.0 and median DRS of 3.0, our patients showed just moderate disabilities. Fifty-six per cent of the patients felt ‘very good’ or ‘good’. Age, gender, the preclinical Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), state of pupil reaction and surgical treatment did not seem to affect the GOS or DRS. Correlations between body mass index, age and gender and distinct neurologic, psychological and vegetative symptoms were found. The personal status did not change significantly after TBI. Changes to occupational and socioeconomic status were evident.

Conclusions: One-third of the patients are heavily affected by neurological, psychological and vegetative symptoms after surviving TBI. Some demographic factors affected this integrity.

KEYWORDS:

• Traumatic brain injury
• epidemiology
• outcome
• Glasgow Outcome Scale
• Disability Rating Scale
• demographic

Disclosure statement

All authors confirm that there are no commercial associations that might create a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted manuscript and that no competing interests exist.