Emotion understanding, pictorial representations of friendship and reciprocity in school-aged children

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between emotional understanding, friendship representation and reciprocity in school-aged children. Two hundred and fifty-one Caucasian 6-year-old children (111 males and 140 females) took part in the study. The Test of Emotion Comprehension (TEC) and the Pictorial Assessment of Interpersonal Relationships (PAIR) were used. Children having a reciprocal friendship and children having a unilateral friendship with a child named as their “best friend” were compared on the emotional understanding task and on their pictorial representations of friendship. Multilevel analyses indicated that friendship status effects were not influenced by classroom-level differences. Results showed that children with reciprocal friendships drew themselves as more similar to and more cohesive with their best friends, and they showed better understanding of emotions, than children having a unilateral friendship. Finally, the implications of these findings for theoretical and empirical research development on friendship are discussed.

Keywords:

• Emotional understanding
• Friendship representation
• Reciprocity
• Pictorial assessment

We are grateful to the parents and children who participated in this study and to the directors of primary schools in Rome where the children were recruited.

We are grateful to the parents and children who participated in this study and to the directors of primary schools in Rome where the children were recruited.