Energy System Contributions in Upper and Lower Body Wingate Tests in Highly Trained Athletes

ABSTRACT

Purpose: This study compared the energy system contributions and relationship between mechanical and energy system variables in upper and lower body Wingate tests (WAnT) in judo athletes. Method: Eleven male judo athletes (18 ± 1 years, 174.3 ± 5.3 cm, 72.6 ± 9.9 kg, 11.8 ± 1.7% body fat) attended two laboratory sessions to perform two WAnT (upper and lower body) and two incremental tests (upper and lower body). The energy contributions of the oxidative, glycolytic, and phosphagen (ATP-PCr) systems were estimated based on oxygen consumption ($\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$) during WAnT, delta of lactate, and the fast phase of excess $\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2$, respectively. Results: The upper and lower body presented similar results of oxidative (21 ± 4% vs 23 ± 3%) and ATP-PCr system contributions (29 ± 6% vs 32 ± 5%). The glycolytic system contribution (50 ± 5% vs 45 ± 4%) was higher in the upper body. The variance of mechanical variables in upper body was explained by glycolytic (R² = 0.49–0.62) and oxidative systems (R² = 0.44–0.49), whereas the variance of mechanical variables in lower body was explained by ATP-PCr (R² = 0.41–0.55) and glycolytic systems (R² = 0.62–0.94). Conclusions: During WAnT, the glycolytic system presented the major energy contribution, being higher in the upper body. Moreover, mechanical and energy system variables presented a distinct relationship when comparing upper and lower body WAnT.

KEYWORDS:

• Anaerobic power reserve
• anaerobic fitness
• energy expenditure

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) [grant number 487302/2013-3]; Ursula Ferreira Julio was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) [grant number 2011/22105-3] and CNPq [grant number 150549/2016-4]; Valéria Leme Gonçalves Panissa was supported by FAPESP [grant number 2015/11302-3 and 2017/07304-6]. João Victor Esteves was supported by FAPESP [grant number 2012/20432-0 and 2017/19449-9]; Emerson Franchini was supported by CNPq [grant number 302242/2014-7] and FAPESP [grant number 2017/08167-2)..