Who Am I Now? Using Life Span Theories in Psychotherapy in Late Adulthood

Abstract

Although academic and clinical psychology do not often embrace, lifespan developmental constructs and theories can enrich the process of psychotherapy. Particularly in the last third of life, when social institutions and societal expectations provide less guidance and constraint, access to understandings about the lifespan may be especially useful. A life structure model of 20-year eras and periods of stability and evaluation/transformation can bring structure when life appears amorphous. Recognition of the ways that people of different ages experience time, and lifetime, can increase empathy and promote client's understanding of their own changes. Three dimensions of development—the ethic of care, the acquisition of integrity, and the building of an individuated and mature ego—can bring increased depth, vitality, fullness, and enjoyment to the last third of life. Therapists' ability to detect and articulate their client's developmental needs and process can enhance the work and further client's growth.

KEYWORDS:

• aging
• lifespan development
• psychotherapy
• women

Notes

¹Names and potentially identifying information have been changed in the presentation of case material.

²Franz and White (1985) have challenged Erikson's failure to adequately describe women's development and to address the development of relational strengths in childhood. They suggest modifying the theory to create a two-path model in place of the eight individual stages so that we can chart milestones in the development of both attachment and individuation. To complement existing stages 2–5 in childhood and adolescence, they would add the development of object and self-constancy, playfulness, empathy and collaboration, and mutuality and interdependence.