Gene Expression Profile of Extracellular Matrix and Adhesion Molecules in the Human Normal Corneal Stroma

ABSTRACT

Purpose: There is limited information on region-specific gene expression in the human corneal stroma. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression profile of the extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules in the normal corneal stroma using laser capture microdissection (LCM) and molecular techniques.

Methods: Frozen sections of human cornea without ocular disease were used to isolate the central and peripheral corneal stromal keratocytes by LCM. RNA was extracted from LCM-captured tissues and the RT² Profiler PCR Arrays were used to examine the expression profile of extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules in the central and peripheral stroma. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantify gene expression. Proteomic and western blotting (WB) analyses were performed to confirm gene expression at protein level. Function association network was generated via the web tools String and Cytoscape.

Results: The gene expression profiling demonstrated that 35 out of the 84 extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules represented in the array were expressed in stromal keratocytes. Among them, 24 genes were not previously described in the corneal stroma. Two genes were found more abundantly expressed in the central stroma than in the periphery: TGFBI, COL6A2 (p < 0.05). ADAMTS13 was detected only in the central stroma. Proteomics and WB analysis confirmed the expression of 10 genes. Functional analysis revealed that most identified genes were presented in a core cluster that had multiple and strong associations with other genes.

Conclusion: This study identified genes not previously described in the corneal stroma, revealed regional differences in gene expression between central and peripheral stroma, and also detected some interesting candidate genes that may play important roles in corneal function. These observations serve as the foundation to further investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating the pathogenesis of regional corneal stromal disorders such as keratoconus.

KEYWORDS:

• Adhesion molecules
• corneal stroma
• extracellular matrix
• gene expression
• laser capture microdissection

Declaration of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest and financial or business interest related to this study.

Funding

This study was supported in part by the National Eye Institute grant (R01 EY024596) and the Joint King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital and Wilmer Eye Institute Research Grant Program.

Supplementary data

Supplementary data for this article can be accessed on the publisher’s website

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported in part by the National Eye Institute grant (R01 EY024596) and the Joint King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital and Wilmer Eye Institute Research Grant Program.